ArticleThe International journal of health planning and management2019
Patient costs of hypertension care in public health care facilities in Kenya.
Article in The International journal of health planning and management, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Methods for Estimating Productivity Losses due to Illness or Caregiving in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Pooled it
- The economic burden of treating uncomplicated hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Economic Burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hypertension Care Among MOPHADHIV Trial Participants: Patient Costs and Determinants of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Group Medical Visit and Microfinance Intervention for Patients With Diabetes or Hypertension in Kenya.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2021Trial
- Exploring the Socio-Economic Toll of Non-Communicable Diseases in Low-Resource Settings: Novel Evidence From Mozambique.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
- Article
- Performance of the Pre-Eclampsia Integrated Estimate of Risk-Machine Learning (PIERS-ML) model in a Kenyan cohort of women with pre-eclampsia- a retrospective test derivation validation study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Understanding the role of 'software' in health system capacity for non-communicable disease response: hypertension care in rural Coastal Kenya.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients Attending Ho Teaching Hospital in the Ho Municipality, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Hypertension pharmacogenetics and limitations in Africa - a focus on the ACE, AGTR1 and CYP2C9 genes.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Review
- Cost of diabetes and hypertension care among patients in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic determinants and prevalence of metabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome among women aged 20-49 in kirinyaga county, Kenya.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based Interventions for Hypertension Prevention and Management: A Protocol for Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Quality Assessment.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Article
- Economic burden of hypertension to outpatients attending the Ho Teaching Hospital in the Volta Region of Ghana: a cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in hypertension and its determinants in people over 60 years in Fasa, southern Iran: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Access to hypertension services and health-seeking experiences in rural Coastal Kenya: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- The economic burden of type 2 diabetes on the public healthcare system in Kenya: a cost of illness study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- The financial burden of noncommunicable diseases from out-of-pocket expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Consumer Financial Protection Versus Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditure in Zambia.Public health challenges · 2024Article
- A systematic scoping review of medicine availability and affordability in Africa.BMC health services research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypertension in low- and middle-income countries, including Kenya, is of economic importance due to its increasing prevalence and its potential to present an economic burden to households. In this study, we examined the patient costs associated with obtaining care for hypertension in public health care facilities in Kenya.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among adult respondents above 18 years of age, with at least 6 months of treatment in two counties. A total of 212 patients seeking hypertension care at five public facilities were interviewed, and information on care seeking and the associated costs was obtained. We computed both annual direct and indirect costs borne by these patients.
resultsOverall, the mean annual direct cost to patients was US$ 304.8 (95% CI, 235.7-374.0). Medicines (mean annual cost, US$ 168.9; 95% CI, 132.5-205.4), transport (mean annual cost, US$ 126.7; 95% CI, 77.6-175.9), and user charges (mean annual cost, US$ 57.7; 95% CI, 43.7-71.6) were the highest direct cost categories. Overall mean annual indirect cost was US$ 171.7 (95% CI, 152.8-190.5). The incidence of catastrophic health care costs was 43.3% (95% CI, 36.8-50.2) and increased to 59.0% (95% CI, 52.2-65.4) when transport costs were included.
conclusionsHypertensive patients incur substantial direct and indirect costs. High rates of catastrophic costs illustrate the urgency of improving financial risk protection for these patients and strengthening primary care to ensure affordability of hypertension care.
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