SynthesisMedicine2019
Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systemic medications and dementia risk: a systematic umbrella review.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Association between proton pump inhibitor use and migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- No association between acid suppressant use and risk of dementia: an updated meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors use and dementia risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia in a population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Feasibility of identifying factors related to Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in real-world data.JAMIA open · 2026Review
- Long-term proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia: a focused review on pantoprazole.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)-An Evidence-Based Review of Indications, Efficacy, Harms, and Deprescribing.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, interactions with other drugs, toxicity and clinical effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Medication Exposure and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cognitive Health: Review on Unraveling the Dementia Connection and Co-morbid Risks.Current Alzheimer research · 2024Review
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Cognitive Function in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Association between Acid-Lowering Agents, Metformin, and Vitamin B12 among Boston-Area Puerto Ricans.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Comparing the effects of four common drug classes on the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia using electronic health records.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.Chonnam medical journal · 2023Review
- Proton pump inhibitors and dementia: what association?Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2023Review
- Article
- Association of suicidal ideation and depression with the use of proton pump inhibitors in adults: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Rebuilding trust in proton pump inhibitor therapy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are an established kind of drugs used to the treatment of most acid-related diseases. Some prospective studies have noticed that PPI use was associated with increased dementia risk. However, the results of those studies were inconsistent and controversial. This meta-analysis aims to determine the association of PPI use and risk of dementia among older people.
methodsRelevant articles were systematically identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to February 2018. Cohort studies that reported the risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD) among PPI users compared with non-PPI users were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The publication bias was detected by a funnel plot and Egger test. The meta-analysis will abstract risk estimates including relative risks (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs), and odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations between PPI use and dementia or Alzheimer's risk. Study-specific results were pooled using a random-effects model.
resultsSix cohort studies were selected finally. The pooled RRs of dementia and AD were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.90-1.67) and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.78-1.32), respectively, compared with those of non-PPI use. The Egger test and funnel plot showed no existence of publication bias. Overall, there was no statistically significant association between PPI use and risk of dementia or AD (P >.05).
conclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that there was no statistical association between PPIs use and increased risk of dementia or AD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.