ArticleBJPsych open2019
Digital mental health apps and the therapeutic alliance: initial review.
Article in BJPsych open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05891431 (Acceptability and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention), which is not on this map. Cited by 87 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Acceptability and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention (Untire App) for Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors With Cancer Related Fatigue: A Pilot Clinical Study
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between user engagement and clinical outcomes in smartphone apps for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychiatry research · 2026Pooled it
- Does the Digital Therapeutic Alliance Exist? Integrative Review.JMIR mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Patient Engagement with Conversational Agents in Health Applications 2016-2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical systems · 2024Pooled it
- Digital interventions in mental health: evidence syntheses and economic modelling.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Mechanisms of Change in Digital Health Interventions for Mental Disorders in Youth: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of Self-Management Smartphone-Based Apps for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Qualitative Synthesis of Young People's Experiences With Technology-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Pooled it
- "It Felt Good to Be Able to Say That Out Loud"-Therapeutic Alliance and Processes in AVATAR Therapy for People Who Hear Distressing Voices: Peer-Led Qualitative Study.JMIR mental health · 2026Trial
- Comparison of the Working Alliance in Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Treatment as Usual for Depression in Europe: Secondary Data Analysis of the E-COMPARED Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of BrighterSide, a Self-Guided App for Suicidal Ideation: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2024Trial
- The service user experience of SlowMo therapy: A co-produced thematic analysis of service users' subjective experience.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2022Trial
- Alliance With an Unguided Smartphone App: Validation of the Digital Working Alliance Inventory.Assessment · 2022Trial
- Participants' experiences of AVATAR therapy for distressing voices: a thematic qualitative evaluation.BMC psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Exploring Real-World Use of AI Chatbots for Mental Health Support: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Exploring the Potential and Challenges of Digital and AI-Driven Psychotherapy for ADHD, OCD, Schizophrenia, and Substance Use Disorders: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Review
- Real-World Meditation App Engagement: Longitudinal Study of the Medito Meditation App.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Association between working alliance and treatment outcomes in a mobile health intervention with a conversational agent (CanRelax).Internet interventions · 2026Article
- A Chronic Pain Self-Management Mobile App (Dolodoc): Cross-Sectional Acceptability Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Future trends and challenges in occupational therapy: Insights from a Delphi study.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2026Article
- Smart Devices and Multimodal Systems for Mental Health Monitoring: From Theory to Application.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs mental healthcare expands to smartphone apps and other technologies that may offer therapeutic interventions without a therapist involved, it is important to assess the impact of non-traditional therapeutic relationships.AimsTo determine if there were any meaningful data regarding the digital therapeutic alliance in smartphone interventions for serious mental illnesses.
methodA literature search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science).
resultsThere were five studies that discuss the therapeutic alliance when a mobile application intervention is involved in therapy. However, in none of the studies was the digital therapeutic alliance the primary outcome. The studies looked at different mental health conditions, had different duration of technology use and used different methods for assessing the therapeutic alliance.
conclusionsAssessing and optimising the digital therapeutic alliance holds the potential to make tools such as smartphone apps more effective and improve adherence to their use. However, the heterogeneous nature of the five studies we identified make it challenging to draw conclusions at this time. A measure is required to evaluate the digital therapeutic alliance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.