ArticlePharmaceutical research2019
Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of All-Trans Retinoic Acid Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an A549 Epithelial Cell Line Model.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucopenetrative Lipid-Polymer nanoparticles show Potent Anti-Inflammatory activity in a human Lung-on-Chip model.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Potential Role of Growth Factors Controlled Release in Achieving Enhanced Neuronal Trans-differentiation from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Neural Tissue Repair and Regeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- The effects of combination therapy by solid lipid nanoparticle and dental stem cells on different degenerative diseases.American journal of translational research · 2022Review
- Advances and challenges in retinoid delivery systems in regenerative and therapeutic medicine.Nature communications · 2020Review
- The Antagonist of Retinoic Acid Receptor α, ER-50891 Antagonizes the Inhibitive Effect of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Rescues Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2-Induced Osteoblastogenic Differentiation.Drug design, development and therapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate two potential strategies aimed at targeting the inflammatory pathogenesis of COPD: a small molecule, all trans retinoic acid (atRA) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).
methodsatRA was formulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) via the emulsification-ultrasonication method, and these SLNs were characterised physicochemically. Assessment of the immunomodulatory effects of atRA-SLNs on A549 cells in vitro was determined using ELISA. hMSCs were suspended in a previously developed methylcellulose, collagen and beta-glycerophosphate hydrogel prior to investigating their immunomodulatory effects in vitro.
resultsSLNs provided significant encapsulation of atRA and also sustained its release over 72 h. A549 cells were viable following the addition of atRA SLNs and showed a reduction in IL-6 and IL-8 levels. A549 cells also remained viable following addition of the hMSC/hydrogel formulation - however, this formulation resulted in increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8, indicating a potentially pro-inflammatory effect.
conclusionBoth atRA SLNs and hMSCs show potential for modulating the environment in inflammatory disease, though through different mechanisms and leading to different outcomes - despite both being explored as strategies for use in inflammatory disease. atRA shows promise by acting in a directly anti-inflammatory manner, whereas further research into the exact mechanisms and behaviours of hMSCs in inflammatory diseases is required.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.