ArticleFrontiers in psychology2019
Depth of Encoding Through Observed Gestures in Foreign Language Word Learning.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social interaction shapes and boosts second language learning: virtual reality can show us how.NPJ science of learning · 2025Review
- Your Body as a Tool to Learn Second Language Vocabulary.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dynamics of language grounding: on the time course, durability, adaptability, and vulnerability of embodied effects.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Chinese English language learners' vocabulary retention: Investigating the effectiveness of neuro/metacognitive and socio-cultural strategies.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- The Neural Correlates of Embodied L2 Learning: Does Embodied L2 Verb Learning Affect Representation and Retention?Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Brain Signatures of Embodied Semantics and Language: A Consensus Paper.Journal of cognition · 2023Article
- Semantic and attentional networks in bilingual processing: fMRI connectivity signatures of translation directionality.Brain and cognition · 2020Article
- Positive effects of grasping virtual objects on memory for novel words in a second language.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Embodied Learning: Why at School the Mind Needs the Body.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Word learning is basic to foreign language acquisition, however time consuming and not always successful. Empirical studies have shown that traditional (visual) word learning can be enhanced by gestures. The gesture benefit has been attributed to depth of encoding. Gestures can lead to depth of encoding because they trigger semantic processing and sensorimotor enrichment of the novel word. However, the neural underpinning of depth of encoding is still unclear. Here, we combined an fMRI and a behavioral study to investigate word encoding online. In the scanner, participants encoded 30 novel words of an artificial language created for experimental purposes and their translation into the subjects' native language. Participants encoded the words three times: visually, audiovisually, and by additionally observing semantically related gestures performed by an actress. Hemodynamic activity during word encoding revealed the recruitment of cortical areas involved in stimulus processing. In this study, depth of encoding can be spelt out in terms of sensorimotor brain networks that grow larger the more sensory modalities are linked to the novel word. Word retention outside the scanner documented a positive effect of gestures in a free recall test in the short term.
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