Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30760986›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2018

Not Just Nonspecific Factors: The Roles of Alliance and Expectancy in Treatment, and Their Neurobiological Underpinnings.

Sigal Zilcha-Mano, Steven P Roose, Patrick J Brown, Bret R Rutherford

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  5. Observational
  6. Review
  7. Article
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  10. Computational Neuroscience Approach to Psychiatry: A Review on Theory-driven Approaches.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022
    Review
  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sigal Zilcha-ManoDepartment of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Steven P RooseNew York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
Patrick J BrownNew York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
Bret R RutherfordNew York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Therapeutic factors such as alliance and expectancy have been found to greatly affect treatment outcome in both psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy. Often, these factors are referred to as nonspecific because of their common roles across treatment modalities. Here we argue that conceptualizing such factors as nonspecific is not accurate at best, misleading at worst and may undermine treatment outcome across various modalities. We argue that alliance and expectancy contain both a trait-like common factor component and a state-like specific effect, and that it is clinically, conceptually and methodologically critical to disentangle the two. In other words, both alliance and expectancy may also function as active ingredients of treatment, leading to better outcome. We review the literature regarding the neurobiological underpinnings of alliance and of the expectancy effect, and suggest how future studies on the neurobiological basis of these effects can shed further light on the potentially distinct mechanisms of the trait-like and state-like components of each therapeutic factor.

Indexed as

alliancecommon factorexpectancymechanisms of changenonspecific factorsprocess researchpsychotherapy

Identifiers

PMID30760986
PMCPMC6361734

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.