ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2019
Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07482553 (Evaluation of the Antibiofilm Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated From Assiut University Hospitals), which is not on this map. Cited by 682 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Antibiofilm Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated From Assiut University Hospitals
Who cites it
682 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measure the Biofilm Formation of Salmonella Using Crystal Violet Assay.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Article
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- A Novel Biofilm Amyloid Ligand for Caspase-11 Drives Hyperactivation in Dendritic Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- From dividing to dormant: embracing the full activity spectrum for environmental microorganisms.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2026Review
- Diversification of biofilm architecture among freshwaterApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
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- Dimensional analysis as a tool for biofilm comparative analysis: bridging the interdisciplinary divides.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Biofilm formation and dynamics in the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biofilm Dynamics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Rabbit Odontogenic Infections: A One Health Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Seasonal Effect of a Small Hydropower Plant on Benthic Biofilm Microbial Community Structure and Predicted Functional Potential.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- eDNA-based assessment of microbial dynamics in response to persistent contaminants and degraded water quality in a hypereutrophic urban reservoir.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2026Article
- Diversity of biofilm architectures within the genusApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- A biofilm-derived peptide as an underwater adhesive.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles at the Crossroads of Immune Regulation and Biofilm Dynamics: Biogenesis, Comparative Analysis, and Translational Challenges.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Universal-BacMicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Groundwater microbial communities across the terrestrial subsurface.Nature microbiology · 2026Review
- Cyclic di-GMP directly reprograms the multidrug resistance machinery via UspG-mediated sequestration of RamR in Klebsiella.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Microbial exopolysaccharides in environmental remediation: production, mechanisms, and challenges.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
622 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biofilms are a form of collective life with emergent properties that confer many advantages on their inhabitants, and they represent a much higher level of organization than single cells do. However, to date, no global analysis on biofilm abundance exists. We offer a critical discussion of the definition of biofilms and compile current estimates of global cell numbers in major microbial habitats, mindful of the associated uncertainty. Most bacteria and archaea on Earth (1.2 × 10
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.