ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Functional diversity of motoneurons in the oculomotor system.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural Innervation of Cyclovertical Extraocular Muscles During Asymmetric Vertical Vergence.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Precerebellar paramedian tract cell groups connections: I. Oculomotor internuclear projections.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Neural Control of Vergence and Ocular Accommodation.Annual review of vision science · 2025Review
- Disrupted Motor Neuron and Neuromuscular Junction Development in an Albino Mice Model of Infantile Nystagmus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Subsets of extraocular motoneurons produce kinematically distinct saccades during hunting and exploration.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Zebrafish as a model to understand extraocular motor neuron diversity.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Gene expression profiling of extraocular muscles in primary inferior oblique overaction.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Kinematically distinct saccades are used in a context-dependent manner by larval zebrafish.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Developmental, Physiological and Phylogenetic Perspectives on the Expression and Regulation of Myosin Heavy Chains in Craniofacial Muscles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Evolution and development of extraocular motor neurons, nerves and muscles in vertebrates.Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft · 2024Review
- Proprioceptors in extraocular muscles.Experimental physiology · 2024Review
- Ion channel profiles of extraocular motoneurons and internuclear neurons in human abducens and trochlear nuclei.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- Investigation of Selective Innervation of Extraocular Muscle Compartments.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Distribution and postnatal development of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the perineuronal nets of cholinergic motoneurons innervating extraocular muscles.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Is the central mesencephalic reticular formation a purely horizontal gaze center?Brain structure & function · 2022Article
- Impaired Extraocular Muscle Innervation Is Present Before Eye Opening in a Mouse Model of Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Oculomotor plant and neural dynamics suggest gaze control requires integration on distributed timescales.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
- Extraocular Motoneurons and Neurotrophism.Advances in neurobiology · 2022Article
- Schwann Cells Accelerate Osteogenesis via the Mif/CD74/FOXO1 Signaling Pathway In Vitro.Stem cells international · 2022Article
- MIF versus SIF Motoneurons, What Are Their Respective Contribution in the Oculomotor Medial Rectus Pool?The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extraocular muscles contain two types of muscle fibers according to their innervation pattern: singly innervated muscle fibers (SIFs), similar to most skeletal muscle fibers, and multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIFs). Morphological studies have revealed that SIF and MIF motoneurons are segregated anatomically and receive different proportions of certain afferents, suggesting that while SIF motoneurons would participate in the whole repertoire of eye movements, MIF motoneurons would contribute only to slow eye movements and fixations. We have tested that proposal by performing single-unit recordings, in alert behaving cats, of electrophysiologically identified MIF and SIF motoneurons in the abducens nucleus. Our results show that both types of motoneuron discharge in relation to eye position and velocity, displaying a tonic-phasic firing pattern for different types of eye movement (saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, vergence) and gaze-holding. However, MIF motoneurons presented an overall reduced firing rate compared with SIF motoneurons, and had significantly lower recruitment threshold and also lower eye position and velocity sensitivities. Accordingly, MIF motoneurons could control mainly gaze in the off-direction, when less force is needed, whereas SIF motoneurons would contribute to increase muscle tension progressively toward the on-direction as more force is required. Anatomically, MIF and SIF motoneurons distributed intermingled within the abducens nucleus, with MIF motoneurons being smaller and having a lesser somatic synaptic coverage. Our data demonstrate the functional participation of both MIF and SIF motoneurons in fixations and slow and phasic eye movements, although their discharge properties indicate a functional segregation.
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