ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2019
DDT and Breast Cancer: Prospective Study of Induction Time and Susceptibility Windows.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Climate Change and Breast Cancer and Its Management and Preventative Implications in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides and Female Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Receptors Expression: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Evidence.Current environmental health reports · 2023Pooled it
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and breast cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Environmental exposures and breast cancer risk in the context of underlying susceptibility: A systematic review of the epidemiological literature.Environmental research · 2020Pooled it
- Research Trends on Pesticide Exposure and Cancer Development: A Global Literature Review (2005-2024).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Age-Specific Trends in Carcinoma Incidence Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 1975-2021.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Field cancerization, accelerated aging, and immunosuppression: the rapid rise of hormone-sensitive and early-onset breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Review
- Associations of area-level and individual-level sociodemographic factors with adolescent phenotypes linked to subsequent cancer risk.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- A State of the Science Review of Human Health Effects of the Michigan Polybrominated Biphenyl Contamination after Five Decades.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Review
- Aromatics from fossil fuels and breast cancer.iScience · 2025Review
- Environmental basis for early onset breast cancer.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Bisphenol A and DDT disrupt adipocyte function in the mammary gland: implications for breast cancer risk and progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Discovery of Knock-Down Resistance in the Major African Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus.Molecular ecology · 2024Article
- Contributions of Synthetic Chemicals to Autoimmune Disease Development and Occurrence.Current environmental health reports · 2024Review
- Interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 production in human immune cells is stimulated by the antibacterial compound Triclosan.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Personal Care Product Use during Puberty and Incident Breast Cancer among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White Women in a Prospective US-Wide Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Application of the Key Characteristics Framework to Identify Potential Breast Carcinogens Using Publicly AvailableEnvironmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Science evolves but outdated testing and static risk management in the US delay protection to human health.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Article
- Mosquito control exposures and breast cancer risk: analysis of 1071 cases and 2096 controls from the Ghana Breast Health Study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review.Heliyon · 2023Article
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Abstract
backgroundIn a previous Child Health and Development Studies report, p, p'-DDT was associated with a fivefold increased risk of premenopausal (before age 50 years) breast cancer for women first exposed before puberty. Here we extend our observation to breast cancer diagnosed during early postmenopause (ages 50-54 years) to determine whether age at diagnosis modifies the interaction of DDT with age at exposure.
methodsWe conducted a second prospective, nested case-control study in the Child Health and Development Studies (153 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 50-54 years and 432 controls matched to cases on birth year). These were analyzed separately and pooled with our previous study (129 breast cancer cases diagnosed at ages 31-49 years and 129 controls matched on birth year). Blood samples were obtained during pregnancy (median age, 26 years), 1-3 days after delivery from 1959 to 1967 in Oakland, California. Serum was assayed for p, p'-DDT, o, p'-DDT, and p, p'-DDE. Odds ratios (ORs) below are given for doubling of serum p, p'-DDT. All statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsFor early postmenopausal breast cancer, p, p'-DDT was associated with risk for all women (ORDDT 50-54 = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.67). This association was accounted for by women first exposed to DDT after infancy (ORDDT 50-54 for first exposure after infancy = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.96 to 4.10 vs ORDDT 50-54 for first exposure during infancy = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.26 to 1.19; Pinteraction DDT x age at first exposure = .01). In contrast, for premenopausal breast cancer, p, p'-DDT was associated with risk among women first exposed during infancy through puberty, but not after (ORDDT<50 for first exposure during infancy = 3.70, 95% CI = 1.22 to 11.26, Pinteraction DDT x age at first exposure x age at diagnosis = .03).
conclusionsp, p'-DDT was associated with breast cancer through age 54 years. Risk depended on timing of first exposure and diagnosis age, suggesting susceptibility windows and an induction period beginning in early life. DDT appears to be an endocrine disruptor with responsive breast targets from in utero to menopause.
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