Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30758081›Full record

ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2019

Risk factors for Candida urinary tract infections in dogs and cats.

Krystle L Reagan, Jonathan D Dear, Philip H Kass, Jane E Sykes

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  3. Medical mycology case reports · 2026
    Article
  4. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2026
    Article
  5. Mass spectrometry-based identification reveals the polymicrobial nature of canine urinary tract infections.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. SystemicJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Successful treatment ofVeterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Evaluation ofVeterinary sciences · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Risk factors for Candida urinary tract infections in dogs and cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2019
    Article
  17. JFMS open reports
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Fungal pyelonephritis (JFMS open reports
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Krystle L ReaganWilliam R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-6352
Jonathan D DearDepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7166-1442
Philip H KassDepartment of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
Jane E SykesDepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
University of California, Davis · USVeterinary Medical Teaching Hospital · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCandida urinary tract infections occur in both dogs in cats but there is limited data about risk factors.

objectiveTo identify risk factors for candiduria in dogs in cats. ANIMALS: Eighteen dogs and 8 cats with candiduria.

methodsA retrospective case-control study, using univariate exact logistic regression. Medical records were searched for a diagnosis of Candida and animals with culture-confirmed candiduria were enrolled. Controls had bacterial cystitis (dogs and cats) or cutaneous Malassezia infection (dogs only).

resultsAdministration of antibacterial drugs in the 30 days before diagnosis was associated with candiduria in dogs compared to controls with bacterial cystitis (OR 14.5; 95% CI 3.1-66.9) or with Malassezia infection (OR 26.4; 95% CI 3.4-206.7). Antecedent antibacterial drug administration was associated with candiduria in cats (OR 15.7; 95% CI 1.9-132.3). Immunosuppression was associated with candiduria in dogs when compared to controls with Malassezia infection (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-12.8), but not significantly when compared to dogs with bacterial cystitis (OR 2.7, 95% CI 0.9-8.0). Lower urinary tract diseases other than infection were associated with candiduria in cats (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.6-27.9), but not significantly in dogs (OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.7-8.7). Neither diabetes mellitus nor history of hospitalization was significantly associated with candiduria in either species. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The recent administration of antibacterial drug therapy is a potential risk factor for development of candiduria in dogs and cats. Judicious use of antibacterial drugs might help to prevent candiduria.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsCaliforniaCandidiasisCase-Control StudiesCat DiseasesCatsDog DiseasesDogsFemaleImmunosuppression TherapyMaleRecordsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsUrinary Tract InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsCandidacandiduriacystitisfungalopportunistic infection

Identifiers

PMID30758081
PMCPMC6430898
OpenAlexW2911968451

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.