ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2019
Immune characteristics correlating with HSV-1 immune control and effect of squaric acid dibutyl ester on immune characteristics of subjects with frequent herpes labialis episodes.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03661541 (A Phase I Study of the Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Study of the Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and General Immune Health in Subjects Infected With HSV-1
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tackling cutaneous herpes simplex virus disease with topical immunomodulators-a call to action.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Current landscape in antiviral drug development against herpes simplex virus infections.Smart medicine · 2022Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 MicroRNA miR-H28 Exported to Uninfected Cells in Exosomes Restricts Cell-to-Cell Virus Spread by Inducing Gamma Interferon mRNA.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Immune characteristics correlating with HSV-1 immune control and effect of squaric acid dibutyl ester on immune characteristics of subjects with frequent herpes labialis episodes.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDifferences in immune characteristics, including immune gene expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), correlating with herpes labialis and good or poor immune control of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and how these characteristics change after dosing with squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE), were investigated.
methodsPBMCs were collected from persons positive for IgG against HSV-1 and having frequent, infrequent, or no herpes labialis outbreaks. The PBMCs were tested for proliferation against HSV-1 and a fungal antigen (Candida) and immune gene expression in the presence of HSV-1 and Candida. On day 1 after blood collection the subjects with frequent outbreaks were dosed topically on the arm once with SADBE, and their PBMCs were collected and tested 8 weeks later.
resultsThose with good immune control of their HSV-1 infection (fewer outbreaks) differ from those with poorer immune control in these ways: (1) Greater PBMC proliferation in vitro to HSV-1, HSV-1-infected cell extracts, and Candida considered together (P < 0.01). (2) Higher expression of IFNG and five other immune-related genes (P < 0.05 for each) and lower expression of IL5 and two other immune-related genes (P < 0.05 for each) in PBMCs in vitro stimulated with HSV-1 virus. The subjects with frequent outbreaks were treated once with SADBE, and 56 days later the PBMCs of these subjects differed from PBMCs from the same subjects taken on day 1 before treatment in exactly the same ways listed above as differences between those with good and poor immune control of HSV-1, and at the same levels of significance.
conclusionsHigher IFNG and lower IL5 expression by PBMCs in the presence of HSV-1 correlate with fewer herpes labialis outbreaks, and a single topical dose of SADBE to the arm of subjects with frequent herpes labialis episodes improves immune response to HSV-1.
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