ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2019
Extracellular vesicles, news about their role in immune cells: physiology, pathology and diseases.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Choosing the Right Extracellular Vesicle: Cross-Kingdom Immunological Functions Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Deciphering the immunomodulatory cross-talk: Bacterial extracellular vesicles in gut homeostasis.Virulence · 2025Review
- Effect of different fermentation substrates on rumen microorganisms and microbe-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs).Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and PD-L1-A Review of Complex Immunoregulatory Properties and Clinical Importance.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Novel Immune biomarkers for the early stratification of oligoarthritis patients at risk of developing polyarticular extension.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: Advanced Tools for Disease Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Dual role of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases.World journal of stem cells · 2024Review
- AAV gene replacement therapy for treating MPS IIIC: Facilitating bystander effects via EV-mRNA cargo.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Review
- Utilizing Extracellular Vesicles for Eliminating 'Unwanted Molecules': Harnessing Nature's Structures in Modern Therapeutic Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- HIV and Drug Use: A Tale of Synergy in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Development.Comprehensive Physiology · 2023Article
- Emerging role of bacterial outer membrane vesicle in gastrointestinal tract.Gut pathogens · 2023Review
- Resistance to Antibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting HER2 in Breast Cancer: Molecular Landscape and Future Challenges.Cancers · 2023Review
- Are there foetal extracellular vesicles in maternal blood? Prospects for diagnostic biomarker discovery.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Review
- Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid and plasma from Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients reveals novel immunopathogenic biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Canine B Cell Lymphoma- and Leukemia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Moderate Differentiation and Cytokine Production of T and B Cells In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Potential of Topoisomerase Inhibitor-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Theragnostic Applications of Mammal and Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Latest Findings, Current Technologies, and Prospects.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Biogenesis of JC polyomavirus associated extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Two types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and ectosomes, are generated and released by all cells, including immune cells. The two EVs appear different in many properties: size, mechanism and site of assembly, composition of their membranes and luminal cargoes, sites and processes of release. In functional terms, however, these differences are minor. Moreover, their binding to and effects on target cells appear similar, thus the two types are considered distinct only in a few cases, otherwise they are presented together as EVs. The EV physiology of the various immune cells differs as expected from their differential properties. Some properties, however, are common: EV release, taking place already at rest, is greatly increased upon cell stimulation; extracellular navigation occurs adjacent and at distance from the releasing cells; binding to and uptake by target cells are specific. EVs received from other immune or distinct cells govern many functions in target cells. Immune diseases in which EVs play multiple, often opposite (aggression and protection) effects, are numerous; inflammatory diseases; pathologies of various tissues; and brain diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. EVs also have effects on interactive immune and cancer cells. These effects are often distinct, promoting cytotoxicity or proliferation, the latter together with metastasis and angiogenesis. Diagnoses depend on the identification of EV biomarkers; therapies on various mechanisms such as (1) removal of aggression-inducing EVs; (2) EV manipulations specific for single targets, with insertion of surface peptides or luminal miRNAs; and (3) removal or re-expression of molecules from target cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.