ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Is Retinal Metabolic Dysfunction at the Center of the Pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mathematical analysis of photoreceptor changes in conditions of separation from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Epigenetic-Mitochondrial-Metabolic Crosstalk in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Dysfunction in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Quercetin improves retinal glycolysis to slow myopia progression through orchestrating the AKT/FOXO/HK2 axis.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Insulin production in the retina drives autocrine signalling and metabolism reprogramming of the ARPE-19, a retinal pigment epithelium cellular model.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- The Transcription Factor 12 of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Plays an Essential Role in Retinal Health.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Insulin-Enhanced Biological Visual Rehabilitation in Neuroretinal Degeneration Patients Treated with Mesenchymal Cell-Derived Secretome.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Specific Metabolic Phenotypes Are Regulated by High-Mobility Group Protein N1.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Ablating VHL in rod photoreceptors modulates RPE glycolysis and improves preclinical model of retinitis pigmentosa.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Genetically Encoded Metabolic Sensors to Study Retina Metabolism.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Eye on the horizon: The metabolic landscape of the RPE in aging and disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Age-Related Changes in the Glycolytic Enzymes of M2-Isoform of Pyruvate Kinase and Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase: Implications to Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- The potential effects of newer groups of glucose lowering drugs on age-related macular degeneration.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Extent and Topography of Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits Associate With Rod-Mediated Vision in Aging and AMD: ALSTAR2 Baseline.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of the retinal pigment epithelium by cytokines associated with age-related macular degeneration.Bioscience reports · 2024Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Pigment Granules: Norms, Age Relations and Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein is necessary to maintain lipid homeostasis and retinal function.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Serum adropin level in wet-type age-related macular degeneration.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Article
- WNT-inhibitory factor 1-mediated glycolysis protects photoreceptor cells in diabetic retinopathy.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Succinate-induced macrophage polarization and RBP4 secretion promote vascular sprouting in ocular neovascularization.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Pathologic vs. protective roles of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in RPE and photoreceptors in wet vs. dry age-related macular degeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood⁻retina barrier and facilitates the transepithelial transport of glucose into the outer retina via GLUT1. Glucose is metabolized in photoreceptors via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but also by aerobic glycolysis to generate glycerol for the synthesis of phospholipids for the renewal of their outer segments. Aerobic glycolysis in the photoreceptors also leads to a high rate of production of lactate which is transported out of the subretinal space to the choroidal circulation by the RPE. Lactate taken up by the RPE is converted to pyruvate and metabolized via OXPHOS. Excess lactate in the RPE is transported across the basolateral membrane to the choroid. The uptake of glucose by cone photoreceptor cells is enhanced by rod-derived cone viability factor (RdCVF) secreted by rods and by insulin signaling. Together, the three cells act as symbiotes: the RPE supplies the glucose from the choroidal circulation to the photoreceptors, the rods help the cones, and both produce lactate to feed the RPE. In age-related macular degeneration this delicate ménage à trois is disturbed by the chronic infiltration of inflammatory macrophages. These immune cells also rely on aerobic glycolysis and compete for glucose and produce lactate. We here review the glucose metabolism in the homeostasis of the outer retina and in macrophages and hypothesize what happens when the metabolism of photoreceptors and the RPE is disturbed by chronic inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.