ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Fluoxetine Induces Apoptosis through Extrinsic/Intrinsic Pathways and Inhibits ERK/NF-κB-Modulated Anti-Apoptotic and Invasive Potential in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and dose-response analysis of cohort studies with one million participants.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- NF-κB signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms of tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Prognostic significance and immune landscape of anoikis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-omics analysis of subtypes and cellular communication.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Unusual Manifestations of Primary Pancreatic Neoplasia.Cancers · 2025Review
- The role of mitochondria-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis: construction of prognostic models based on machine learning.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Fluoxetine Alters Gene Expression Patterns of Sarcoma and Significantly Reduces Tumor Load through Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment and Restoration of the Host Antitumor Immune System.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of reactive oxygen species in the malignant transformation of viral hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma: a new insight.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Repurposing of nervous system drugs for cancer treatment: recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- UBC4: A Repurposed Drug Regimen for Adjunctive Use During Bladder Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Targeting LC3B/MCL-1 expression by Protodioscin induces autophagy and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cellsInternational journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Assessing the Neurodevelopmental Impact of Fluoxetine, Citalopram, and Paroxetine on Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Beyond Psychotropic: Potential Repurposing of Fluoxetine toward Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Nuclear size rectification: A potential new therapeutic approach to reduce metastasis in cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Induction of Apoptosis by Metabolites of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang): A Review of the Potential Mechanism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- The Effects of a Novel Curcumin Derivative Loaded Long-Circulating Solid Lipid Nanoparticle on the MHCC-97H Liver Cancer Cells and Pharmacokinetic Behavior.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- Antidepressants Fluoxetine Mediates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through the ATF4-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Effects of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Fluoxetine on Developing Neural Circuits in a Model of the Human Fetal Cortex.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB alleviates osteoarthritis in a rat model by decreasing chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Antitumor Effect of Fluoxetine on Chronic Stress-Promoted Lung Cancer Growth via Suppressing Kynurenine Pathway and Enhancing Cellular Immunity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of fluoxetine on dysregulation of apoptosis and invasive potential in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SK-Hep1 and Hep3B cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of fluoxetine for different times. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assays were used for testing the effects of fluoxetine on cell viability. The regulation of apoptosis signaling, and anti-apoptotic, proliferation, and metastasis-associated proteins after fluoxetine treatment were assayed by flow cytometry and Western blotting assay. The detection of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation after fluoxetine treatment was performed by NF-κB reporter gene assay. The results demonstrated that fluoxetine significantly reduced cell viability, cell migration/invasion, NF-κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activation, and expression of anti-apoptotic (Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (C-FLIP), Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), X-Linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XAIP), and Survivin), proliferation (Cyclin-D1), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), and metastasis-associated proteins (matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)). Fluoxetine also significantly induced apoptosis, unregulated extrinsic (activation of first apoptosis signal protein and ligand (Fas/FasL), and caspase-8) and intrinsic (loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) pathways and increased Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer (BAK) apoptosis signaling. Taken together, these results demonstrated that fluoxetine induced apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways and diminished ERK/NF-κB-modulated anti-apoptotic and invasive potential in HCC cells in vitro.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.