ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2019
Metformin Alters Human Host Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Healthy Subjects.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04930744 (A Prospective, Randomized Open-Label Phase II Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Metformin in Combination With Standard Antimicrobial Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in People Co-infected With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Randomized Open-Label Phase II Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Metformin in Combination With Standard Antimicrobial Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in People Co-infected With HIV
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of metformin on the risk and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in diabetics: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- Randomized Trial of Metformin With Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for Early Sputum Conversion in Adults With Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Metformin as a Metabolic Reprogramming Interface in Host-Pathogen and Bone Microenvironment Crosstalk: A Dual-Target Strategy Against Antimicrobial Resistance and Osteoporotic Bone Loss.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association of Diabetes Mellitus With a Shared Hyperinflammatory Immune Response in Patients With Melioidosis and Patients With Tuberculosis: An Observational Case-Control Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- HIV inhibits Warburg metabolism in human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The immunology of sepsis: translating new insights into clinical practice.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Metformin Enhances Macrophage Phagocytosis and Intracellular Clearance of HypervirulentInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Interferon gamma rebalances immunopathological signatures in chronic granulomatous disease through metabolic rewiring.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Overcoming Treatment Challenges in HIV-Associated Mycobacterial Diseases: New Therapeutic Frontiers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metformin improves CD8+ T cell responses and parasitemia control via macrophage modulation during Trypanosoma cruzi infection.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Anti-TB Drugs for Drug-Sensitive and Drug-ResistantCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Recent advancements in drug development for pulmonary tuberculosis.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Glycolytic Dysfunction in Granulosa Cells and Its Contribution to Metabolic Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Autophagy in mycobacterial infections: molecular mechanisms, host-pathogen interactions, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The role of metformin in tuberculosis control among TB and diabetes mellitus comorbid individuals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Repurposed Drugs and Plant-Derived Natural Products as Potential Host-Directed Therapeutic Candidates for Tuberculosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain with deletions in menT3 and menT4 is attenuated and confers protection in mice and guinea pigs.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Metformin improvesFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMetformin, the most widely administered diabetes drug, has been proposed as a candidate adjunctive host-directed therapy for tuberculosis, but little is known about its effects on human host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
methodsWe investigated in vitro and in vivo effects of metformin in humans.
resultsMetformin added to peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers enhanced in vitro cellular metabolism while inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin targets p70S6K and 4EBP1, with decreased cytokine production and cellular proliferation and increased phagocytosis activity. Metformin administered to healthy human volunteers led to significant downregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and type I interferon response pathways, particularly following stimulation with M. tuberculosis, and upregulation of genes involved in phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production was increased. These in vivo effects were accompanied by a metformin-induced shift in myeloid cells from classical to nonclassical monocytes. At a functional level, metformin lowered ex vivo production of tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, and interleukin 1β but increased phagocytosis activity and reactive oxygen species production.
conclusionMetformin has a range of potentially beneficial effects on cellular metabolism, immune function, and gene transcription involved in innate host responses to M. tuberculosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.