ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2019
Glutamine Metabolism in Macrophages: A Novel Target for Obesity/Type 2 Diabetes.
Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traditional herbal medicine for obesity-related polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis and data mining study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing the potency of vitamin D augmentation on saccharometric indices in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide Selectively Reduces Adiposity While Preserving Lean Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Clinical Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Trial
- Glutamine metabolism in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of ultrasonically lysed Bifidobacterium breve on Pam3CSK4-stimulated J774A.1 macrophages via SIRT1/NRF2 activation and NF-κB suppression.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Effect of short-term tirzepatide treatment on mean platelet volume in patients with obesity: a retrospective controlled study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- The signaling and regulatory functions of dying cells and cell corpses.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Multi-omics analysis of glutamine and fish collagen peptides in alleviating post-antibioticExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the Potential of Calebin-A in Targeting Obesity-Related Genes and Pathways.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Dynamic remodeling of amino acid metabolism in tumor-associated macrophages: Fueling immunosuppression, reshaping tumor niches, and unlocking metabolic checkpoints.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Leveraging Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps promote macrophage activation through Toll-like receptor engagement and PKA and NF-kB signaling pathways.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- ALDH18A1 regulates glutamine metabolism and tumor microenvironment in the attenuation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Trehalose: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Diverse Pathological Conditions.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Palmatine ameliorates MASLD in type 2 diabetes by modulating hepatic apoptosis and inflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Glutamine promotes acute wound healing by mediating glutamine metabolism and M2 macrophage polarization via the MEK/ERK/SLC1A5 signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- α-Ketoglutarate protects against cartilage damage via epigenetically driven metabolic reprogramming in osteoarthritis models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase-mediated serine reprogramming aggravates macrophage hyperinflammation in murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cascade catalytic nanozyme platform for combined antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-healing therapy of infected diabetic wounds.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity is a nutritional disorder resulting from a chronic imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. This disease is characterized by inflammation in multiple cell types, including macrophages. M1 macrophage responses are correlated with the progression of obesity or diabetes; therefore, strategies that induce repolarization of macrophages from an M1 to an M2 phenotype may be promising for the prevention of obesity- or diabetes-associated pathology. Glutamine (the most abundant amino acid in the plasma of humans and many other mammals including rats) is effective in inducing polarization of M2 macrophages through the glutamine-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pathway and α-ketoglutarate produced via glutaminolysis, whereas succinate synthesized via glutamine-dependent anerplerosis or the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt promotes polarization of M1 macrophages. Interestingly, patients with obesity or diabetes show altered glutamine metabolism, including decreases in glutamine and α-ketoglutarate concentrations in serum but increases in succinate concentrations. Thus, manipulation of macrophage polarization through glutamine metabolism may provide a potential target for prevention of obesity- or diabetes-associated pathology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.