ReviewPharmacoEconomics2019
An Educational Review About Using Cost Data for the Purpose of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
Review in PharmacoEconomics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Handling Missing Data in Health Economics and Outcomes Research (HEOR): A Systematic Review and Practical Recommendations.PharmacoEconomics · 2023Pooled it
- Disease-Related Costs Published in The Middle East and North Africa Region: Systematic Review and Analysis of Transferability.PharmacoEconomics · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes and economic impact of a digital telemedicine intervention in patients with functional motor disorders: a single-blind, randomised controlled trial.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Family Conferences to Reduce Polypharmacy in Frail Older Adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Trial
- The cost-effectiveness of a proportionate parenting programme for primary caregivers and their child: an economic evaluation using evidence from the E-SEE Trial.BMC health services research · 2022Trial
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of a multiple health behaviour change intervention in people aged between 45 and 75 years: a cluster randomized controlled trial in primary care (EIRA study).The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Trial
- Silver-impregnated, antibiotic-impregnated or non-impregnated ventriculoperitoneal shunts to prevent shunt infection: the BASICS three-arm RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Trial
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- Implementation and impact of NHS-funded tobacco dependence services in England: a mixed-method evaluation protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Postural Control and Neuromuscular Activation in 11-13-Year-Old Athletic Boy Swimmers.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Is Economic Evaluation and Care Commissioning Focused on Achieving the Same Outcomes? Resource-Allocation Considerations and Challenges Using England as a Case Study.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
- Assessing the long-term economic impact of wheezing episodes after severe RSV disease in children from Argentina: a cost of illness analysis.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of peer-supported self-management for people discharged from a mental health crisis team: methodological challenges and recommendations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Economic Evaluation Evidence for Resource-Allocation Decision Making: Bridging the Gap for Local Decision Makers Using English Case Studies.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Article
- Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2022: Optimising performance, clinical and economic outcomes in occupational therapy service delivery.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2022Article
- Harmonization issues in unit costing of service use for multi-country, multi-sectoral health economic evaluations: a scoping review.Health economics review · 2022Article
- Article
- Modifiable prognostic factors of high costs related to healthcare utilization among older people seeking primary care due to back pain: an identification and replication study.BMC health services research · 2022Observational
- Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With NMO Spectrum Disorders and MOG-Antibody-Associated Disease: CHANCENeurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This paper provides an educational review covering the consideration of costs for cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), summarising relevant methods and research from the published literature. Cost data are typically generated by applying appropriate unit costs to healthcare resource-use data for patients. Trial-based evaluations and decision analytic modelling represent the two main vehicles for CEA. The costs to consider will depend on the perspective taken, with conflicting recommendations ranging from focusing solely on healthcare to the broader 'societal' perspective. Alternative sources of resource-use are available, including medical records and forms completed by researchers or patients. Different methods are available for the statistical analysis of cost data, although consideration needs to be given to the appropriate methods, given cost data are typically non-normal with a mass point at zero and a long right-hand tail. The choice of covariates for inclusion in econometric models also needs careful consideration, focusing on those that are influential and that will improve balance and precision. Where data are missing, it is important to consider the type of missingness and then apply appropriate analytical methods, such as imputation. Uncertainty around costs should also be reflected to allow for consideration on the impacts of the CEA results on decision uncertainty. Costs should be discounted to account for differential timing, and are typically inflated to a common cost year. The choice of methods and sources of information used when accounting for cost information within CEA will have an effect on the subsequent cost-effectiveness results and how information is presented to decision makers. It is important that the most appropriate methods are used as overlooking the complicated nature of cost data could lead to inaccurate information being given to decision makers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.