ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2019
The commercial pig as a model of spontaneously-occurring osteoarthritis.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transgluteal vs. Anterior and Posterior Approaches for Porcine Model of Irreparable Acetabular Labral Tear: A Comparative Study on Feasibility and Safety.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Characterization of the Age-Related Differences in Porcine Acetabulum and Femoral Head Articular Cartilage.Cartilage · 2025Article
- Beyond symptomatic alignment: evaluating the integration of causal mechanisms in matching animal models with human pathotypes in osteoarthritis research.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Review
- Mode of injury and level of synovitis alter inflammatory chondrocyte gene expression and associated pathways.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Animal Models of Osteoarthritis: Updated Models and Outcome Measures 2016-2023.Regenerative engineering and translational medicine · 2024Article
- A missed opportunity: A scoping review of the effect of sex and age on osteoarthritis using large animal models.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Article
- Differences in Weight, Hierarchy, and Incidence of Lameness between Two Groups of Adult Pigs Derived from Assisted Reproductive Technologies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Remodeling Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage under Hypoxic Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Urocortin-1 Is Chondroprotective in Response to Acute Cartilage Injury via Modulation of Piezo1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Proteomic, mechanical, and biochemical characterization of cartilage development.Acta biomaterialia · 2022Article
- Development of a common peroneal nerve injury model in domestic swine for the study of translational neuropathic pain treatments.Journal of neurosurgery · 2021Article
- Vitrification of particulated articular cartilage via calculated protocols.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2021Article
- Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Risk Factors, Regulatory Pathways in Chondrocytes, and Experimental Models.Biology · 2020Review
- A short life on the farm: aging and longevity in agricultural, large-bodied mammals.GeroScience · 2020Review
- pathDIP 4: an extended pathway annotations and enrichment analysis resource for human, model organisms and domesticated species.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- A Monosodium Iodoacetate Osteoarthritis Lameness Model in Growing Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- Peripheral mechanisms of arthritic pain: A proposal to leverage large animals forNeurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreclinical osteoarthritis models where damage occurs spontaneously may better reflect the initiation and development of human osteoarthritis. The aim was to assess the commercial pig as a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis development by examining pain-associated behaviour, joint cartilage integrity, as well as the use of porcine cartilage explants and isolated chondrocytes and osteoblasts for ex vivo and in vitro studies.
methodsFemale pigs (Large white x Landrace x Duroc) were examined at different ages from 6 weeks to 3-4 years old. Lameness was assessed as a marker of pain-associated behaviour. Femorotibial joint cartilage integrity was determined by chondropathy scoring and histological staining of proteoglycan. IL-6 production and proteoglycan degradation was assessed in cartilage explants and primary porcine chondrocytes by ELISA and DMMB assay. Primary porcine osteoblasts from damaged and non-damaged joints, as determined by chondropathy scoring, were assessed for mineralisation, proliferative and mitochondrial function as a marker of metabolic capacity.
resultsPigs aged 80 weeks and older exhibited lameness. Osteoarthritic lesions in femoral condyle and tibial plateau cartilage were apparent from 40 weeks and increased in severity with age up to 3-4 years old. Cartilage from damaged joints exhibited proteoglycan loss, which positively correlated with chondropathy score. Stimulation of porcine cartilage explants and primary chondrocytes with either IL-1β or visfatin induced IL-6 production and proteoglycan degradation. Primary porcine osteoblasts from damaged joints exhibited reduced proliferative, mineralisation, and metabolic capacity.
conclusionIn conclusion, the commercial pig represents an alternative model of spontaneous osteoarthritis and an excellent source of tissue for in vitro and ex vivo studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.