ArticlePharmaceutics2019
Chitosan Plus Compound 48/80: Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation as a Hepatitis B Vaccine Adjuvant.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanotechnology-driven advances in intranasal vaccine delivery systems against infectious diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Recent advances in polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of hepatic diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Advances in therapeutic cancer vaccines: Harnessing immune adjuvants for enhanced efficacy and future perspectives.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Nasal Immunization Using Chitosan Nanoparticles with Glycoprotein B of Murine Cytomegalovirus.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Chitosan non-particulate vaccine delivery systems.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2024Review
- Strategies for the Preparation of Chitosan Derivatives for Antimicrobial, Drug Delivery, and Agricultural Applications: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Excipients Used for Modified Nasal Drug Delivery: A Mini-Review of the Recent Advances.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Potential of Chitosan in Nanomedicine: An Overview of the Cytotoxicity of Chitosan Based Nanoparticles.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Self-Assembling Nanovaccine Confers Complete Protection Against Zika Virus Without Causing Antibody-Dependent Enhancement.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Loading Effect of Chitosan Derivative Nanoparticles on Different Antigens and Their Immunomodulatory Activity on Dendritic Cells.Marine drugs · 2021Article
- Review
- Chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, gums, and β-glucan as potent adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems for viral threats including SARS-CoV-2: A review.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2021Review
- Design and application of nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants against human corona virus infection.Journal of inorganic biochemistry · 2021Review
- Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Vehicles.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2021Review
- Harnessing the Power of Mast Cells in unconventional Immunotherapy Strategies and Vaccine Adjuvants.Cells · 2020Review
- Review
- How the Lack of Chitosan Characterization Precludes Implementation of the Safe-by-Design Concept.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Current vaccine research is mostly based on subunit antigens. Despite the better toxicity profile of these antigens they are often poorly immunogenic, so adjuvant association has been explored as a strategy to obtain a potent vaccine formulation. Recently, mast cell activators were recognized as a new class of vaccine adjuvants capable of potentiating mucosal and systemic immune responses. In this study, a co-adjuvanted delivery system was developed and characterized, combining the mast cell activator C48/80 with chitosan nanoparticles (Chi-C48/80 NPs), and the results were compared with plain chitosan nanoparticles. The adsorption of model antigens onto the NP surface as well as the biocompatibility of the system was not affected by the incorporation of C48/80 in the formulation. The stability of the nanoparticles was demonstrated by studying the variation of size and zeta potential at different times, and the ability to be internalized by antigen presenting cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Vaccination studies with hepatitis B surface antigen loaded Chi-C48/80 NPs validated the adjuvanticity of the delivery system, demonstrating for the first time a successful association between a mast cell activator and chitosan nanoparticles as a vaccine adjuvant for hepatitis B virus, applied to a nasal vaccination strategy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.