ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2019
Risk and Protective Environmental Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence-Based Principles and Recommendations.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adrenarche, social cognition, and the development and evolution of autism spectrum traits.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The WNT/β-catenin Pathway and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Possible Connection.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2026Review
- Association between serum cytokine and neuron-specific enolase levels and the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Maternal Multiple Sclerosis and Offspring's Developmental and Behavioral Profile: A Case-control Study.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- The Association Between Clinically Diagnosed Neonatal Jaundice and Autism: A Swedish Register-Based Cohort Study.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Exploring the childbearing decision-making process in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and designing and validation of a childbearing program: A study protocol.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- The effects of parental occupational exposures on autism spectrum disorder severity and skills in cognitive and adaptive domains in children with autism spectrum disorder.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Review
- Mapping autism in Egypt: population-based insights into prevalence, risk determinants, and severity among children aged 1-12 years.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Shared Immune and Nutrient Metabolism Pathways Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Celiac Disease: An In Silico Approach.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Nutritional Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Knowledge and practice among caregivers having children with autism in Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Maternal Exposure to Passive Smoking and Environmental Factors: A Case-Control Study in Bangladesh.Health science reports · 2025Article
- EEG Abnormalities and Phenotypic Correlates in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of GABA and nutritional supplements on neurochemical biomarkers in autism: a PPA rodent model study.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Socio-medical factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders on the Kenyan coast.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune Alterations in the Intrauterine Environment Shape Offspring Brain Development in a Sex-Specific Manner.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex condition with early childhood onset, characterized by a set of common behavioral features. The etiology of ASD is not yet fully understood; however, it reflects the interaction between genetics and environment. While genetics is now a well-established risk factor, several data support a contribution of the environment as well. This paper summarizes the conclusions of a consensus conference focused on the potential pathogenetic role of environmental factors and on their interactions with genetics. Several environmental factors have been discussed in terms of ASD risk, namely advanced parental age, assisted reproductive technologies, nutritional factors, maternal infections and diseases, environmental chemicals and toxicants, and medications, as well as some other conditions. The analysis focused on their specific impact on three biologically relevant time windows for brain development: the periconception, prenatal, and early postnatal periods. Possible protective factors that might prevent or modify an ASD trajectory have been explored as well. Recommendations for clinicians to reduce ASD risk or its severity have been proposed. Developments in molecular biology and big data approaches, which are able to assess a large number of coexisting factors, are offering new opportunities to disentangle the gene⁻environment interplay that can lead to the development of ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.