Trial reportClinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology2019
Parental asthma and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A population and family-based case-control study.
Trial report in Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal exposure to asthma medications and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and educational difficulties: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Association Between Maternal Asthma and Child Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Pooled it
- Association between maternal asthma and ASD/ADHD in offspring: A meta-analysis based on observational studies.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal atopic conditions and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Early environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders - a systematic review of twin and sibling studies.Development and psychopathology · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Parental asthma and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A population and family-based case-control study.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2019Trial
- The Immune System and the Plural Autisms: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Prenatal exposure to maternal asthma and asthma medication and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a population cohort study of 179,024 children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Association between autism and dementia across generations: evidence from a family study of the Swedish population.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Components and Autism Risk in Childhood.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The Role of Prenatal Microglial Activation and Its Sex Differences in the Development of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Risk behaviours and non-atopic comorbidities of adolescents with asthma.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2025Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Multifactorial Disorder: The Interplay of Genetic Factors and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Maternal asthma during pregnancy and the likelihood of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Autism likelihood in infants born to mothers with asthma is associated with blood inflammatory gene biomarkers in pregnancy.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Article
- Prenatal and postnatal neuroimmune interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- A review of common influencing factors and possible mechanisms associated with allergic diseases complicating tic disorders in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Inflammatory Conditions During Pregnancy and Risk of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAssociations between parental asthma and prenatal exposure to asthma medications with offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been reported. However, the associations might be confounded by unmeasured (genetic and shared environmental) familial factors.
objectiveWe investigated the association between (a) maternal/paternal asthma and offspring ASD, and (b) prenatal exposures to β2-agonists, other asthma medications and offspring ASD using cases and controls selected from the population as well as biological relatives with different degrees of relatedness.
methodsWe included all children (N = 1 579 263) born in Sweden 1992-2007. A nested case-control design was used to compare 22 894 ASD cases identified from the National Patient Register to (a) 228 940 age-, county- and sex-matched controls randomly selected from the population, (b) their eligible full-siblings (n = 1267), (c) half-siblings (n = 1323), (d) full-cousins (n = 11 477) and (e) half-cousins (n = 3337). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ASD in children differentially exposed to parental asthma or prenatal asthma medications.
resultsMaternal asthma was associated with increased risk of offspring ASD (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.38-1.49); there was a weaker association for paternal asthma (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11-1.23). The risk of offspring ASD in mothers with asthma showed similar estimates when adjusting for shared familial factors among paternal half-siblings (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.80-1.81), full-cousins (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.41) and half-cousins (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10-1.54), albeit with wider confidence intervals. Prenatal exposure to asthma medications among subjects whose mothers had asthma was not associated with subsequent ASD. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this large observational study, parental asthma was associated with slightly elevated risk of ASD in offspring. More specifically, the increased risk by maternal asthma did not seem to be confounded by familial factors. There was no evidence of an association between asthma medications during pregnancy and offspring ASD.
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