ArticlePeerJ2019
Motor expertise modulates unconscious rather than conscious executive control.
Article in PeerJ, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07597603 (H22 - Unconscious Mind Training and Memory Encoding), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
H22 - Unconscious Mind Training and Memory Encoding
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive load impairs athletes' subliminal processing: behavioral and neural insights.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Athletes demonstrate an advantage in unconscious processing under working-memory load specifically within sport-related domains.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
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- Perceptual information processing in table tennis players: based on top-down hierarchical predictive coding.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Article
- High Neural Efficiency in Unconscious Perceptual Processing among Table Tennis Athletes: An Event-Related Potential Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Characteristics of Resting-State Electroencephalogram Network in α-Band of Table Tennis Athletes.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of conscious conflict on the subliminal perception of table tennis players: from the electrophysiological evidence of ERP.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Article
- Basketball self-evaluation matrix: discrepancy between self-confidence and decision-making performance on psychological profiling of players.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Inhibition and Calendar Age Explain Variance in Game Performance of Youth Soccer Athletes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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- Motor expertise and performance in sport-specific priming tasks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2021Article
- A Pilot Study of the Feasibility and Effects of Table Tennis Training in Parkinson Disease.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2020Article
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- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExecutive control, the ability to regulate the execution of a goal-directed task, is an important element in an athlete's skill set. Although previous studies have shown that executive control in athletes is better than that in non-athletes, those studies were mainly confined to conscious executive control. Many recent studies have suggested that executive control can be triggered by the presentation of visual stimuli without participant's conscious awareness. However, few studies have examined unconscious executive control in sports. Thus, the present study investigated whether, similar to conscious executive control, unconscious executive control in table tennis athletes is superior to that in non-athletes.
methodsIn total, 42 age-matched undergraduate students were recruited for this study; 22 nonathletic students lacking practical athletic experience comprised one group, and 20 table tennis athletes with many years of training in this sport comprised a second group. Each participant first completed an unconscious response priming task, the unconscious processing of visual-spatial information, and then completed a conscious version of this same response priming task.
resultsTable tennis athletes showed a significant response priming effect, whereas non-athletes did not, when participants were unable to consciously perceive the visual-spatial priming stimuli. In addition, the number of years the table tennis athletes had trained in this sport (a measure of their motor expertise) was positively correlated with the strength of the unconscious response priming effect. However, both table tennis athletes and non-athletes showed a response priming effect when the primes were unmasked and the participants were able to consciously perceive the visual-spatial priming stimuli.
conclusionOur results suggest that motor expertise modulates unconscious, rather than conscious, executive control and that motor expertise is positively correlated with unconscious executive control in table tennis athletes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.