ArticlePeerJ2019
Low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate restriction improve cardiometabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults: A randomised clinical trial.
Article in PeerJ, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets and macronutrient replacements on cardiovascular health and body composition in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of low-carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight or obese patients with T2DM: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension and ketogenic diets intervention on serum uric acid concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota Serves a Predictable Outcome of Short-Term Low-Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) Intervention for Patients with Obesity.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Trial
- Association between Low carbohydrate diet with anthropometric indexes among overweight and obese women.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diets on C-Reactive Protein Level in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Impact of Dietary Fiber on Inflammation in Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Is a Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trial Outcomes for Ketogenic Diets Justifiable? A Critical Assessment Based on Systematic Research.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exercise-Induced cytokines, diet, and inflammation and their role in adipose tissue metabolism.Health science reports · 2024Review
- Methodological Challenges and Confounders in Research on the Effects of Ketogenic Diets: A Literature Review of Meta-Analyses.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Opinion: Are mental health benefits of the ketogenic diet accompanied by an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Nutrient analysis of three low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate content.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Introduction to the dietary management of obesity in adults.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2023Review
- Investigating the Link between Ketogenic Diet, NAFLD, Mitochondria, and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Applying a nutrition security lens to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to address metabolic health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Impact of Body Composition on Sleep and Its Relationship with Sleep Disorders: Current Insights.Nature and science of sleep · 2023Review
- Weight Loss Interventions and Skeletal Health in Persons with Diabetes.Current osteoporosis reports · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLow-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets are useful for treating a range of health conditions, but there is little research evaluating the degree of carbohydrate restriction on outcome measures. This study compares anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes between differing carbohydrate-restricted diets.
objectiveOur hypothesis was that moderate carbohydrate restriction is easier to maintain and more effective for improving cardiometabolic health markers than greater restriction.
designA total of 77 healthy participants were randomised to a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD), low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), or moderate-low carbohydrate diet (MCD), containing 5%, 15% and 25% total energy from carbohydrate, respectively, for 12-weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic health measures were taken at baseline and at 12 weeks. Using ANOVA, both within and between-group outcomes were analysed.
resultsOf 77 participants, 39 (51%) completed the study. In these completers overall, significant reductions in weight and body mass index occurred ((mean change) 3.7 kg/m
conclusionsLow-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have a positive effect on markers of health. Adherence to the allocation of carbohydrate was more easily achieved in MCD, and LCD groups compared to VLCKD and there were comparable improvements in weight loss and waist circumference and greater improvements in HDL-c and TG with greater carbohydrate restriction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.