ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Genetically Engineered T-Cells for Malignant Glioma: Overcoming the Barriers to Effective Immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effectiveness of Elranatamab in the Management of Refractory Multiple Myeloma with Central Nervous System Involvement.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- FAM168B identified as a novel candidate target for chimeric antigen receptor T cell-based cancer therapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator as a potential target for chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for glioblastoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Targeting MMPs: A Promising Treatment for Gliomas.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Targeting cancer with precision: strategical insights into TCR-engineered T cell therapies.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Integrated Transcriptome Profiling and Pan-Cancer Analyses Reveal Oncogenic Networks and Tumor-Immune Modulatory Roles for FABP7 in Brain Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status.Vaccines · 2024Review
- A second-generation M1-polarized CAR macrophage with antitumor efficacy.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Glioblastoma-Current Concepts and Promising Future.Cells · 2023Review
- Applications and current challenges of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in treating high-grade gliomas in adult and pediatric populations.Immunotherapy · 2023Review
- Individualized Multimodal Immunotherapy for Adults with IDH1 Wild-Type GBM: A Single Institute Experience.Cancers · 2023Article
- Efficacy of cancer-specific anti-podoplanin CAR-T cells and oncolytic herpes virus G47Δ combination therapy against glioblastoma.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Off-the-shelf, steroid-resistant, IL13Rα2-specific CAR T cells for treatment of glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Spatial organization of heterogeneous immunotherapy target antigen expression in high-grade glioma.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Application of blood brain barrier models in pre-clinical assessment of glioblastoma-targeting CAR-T based immunotherapies.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Article
- Association between high immune activity and worse prognosis in uveal melanoma and low-grade glioma in TCGA transcriptomic data.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Novel EGFRvIII-CAR transgenic mice for rigorous preclinical studies in syngeneic mice.Neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Targeting of the alphaJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- IFN-γ enhances the antitumor activity of attenuatedFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant gliomas carry a dismal prognosis. Conventional treatment using chemo- and radiotherapy has limited efficacy with adverse events. Therapy with genetically engineered T-cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, may represent a promising approach to improve patient outcomes owing to their potential ability to attack highly infiltrative tumors in a tumor-specific manner and possible persistence of the adaptive immune response. However, the unique anatomical features of the brain and susceptibility of this organ to irreversible tissue damage have made immunotherapy especially challenging in the setting of glioma. With safety concerns in mind, multiple teams have initiated clinical trials using CAR T-cells in glioma patients. The valuable lessons learnt from those trials highlight critical areas for further improvement: tackling the issues of the antigen presentation and T-cell homing in the brain, immunosuppression in the glioma microenvironment, antigen heterogeneity and off-tumor toxicity, and the adaptation of existing clinical therapies to reflect the intricacies of immune response in the brain. This review summarizes the up-to-date clinical outcomes of CAR T-cell clinical trials in glioma patients and examines the most pressing hurdles limiting the efficacy of these therapies. Furthermore, this review uses these hurdles as a framework upon which to evaluate cutting-edge pre-clinical strategies aiming to overcome those barriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.