ArticleTransfusion2019
Frequent blood donation and offspring scholastic attainment: an assessment of long-term consequences of prenatal iron deficiency.
Article in Transfusion, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eligibility Considerations for Female Whole Blood Donors: Hemoglobin Levels and Iron Status in a Nationally Representative Population.Transfusion medicine reviews · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDue to physiological demands, children and premenopausal women are at risk of developing iron deficiency. In premenopausal women, the risk may be further increased by repeated whole blood donations. Short-term consequences of iron deficiency in infancy include impaired cognitive development and lower IQ scores. This prompts concern that maternal iron deficiency before or during pregnancy may have long-term consequences for the offspring, for example, by affecting scholastic attainment. The aim of this study was to evaluate if prepregnancy donation intensity is associated with offspring scholastic attainment measured as grade averages in standardized national written examinations in Denmark. STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsBy using the Danish personal identification number as key, we obtained information on donation intensity before pregnancy, school grade, year of graduation, age of the students, students' sex, and parental length of education and income from various nationwide registers. Linear regression analyses were performed, with grade average as outcome and maternal donation status as explanatory variable (nondonor, n = 177,078; low-frequency donor, n = 4995 [one to five donations in the 3 years before pregnancy]; high-frequency donor, n = 414 [six or more donations in the 3 years before pregnancy), and further adjusted for the covariates listed above.
resultsAdjusted normalized (mean, 0; standard deviation [SD], 1) test scores were statistically significantly higher for children of active female donors compared with children of nondonors (SD, 0.104; 95% confidence interval, 0.079-0.129). We observed no differences in scholastic attainment between children of low-frequency donors and high-frequency donors.
conclusionPrepregnancy donation intensity, as a proxy of iron stores, is not associated with subsequent offspring scholastic attainment.
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Registered trials
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