ArticlePsychopharmacology2019
ADHD pathogenesis in the immune, endocrine and nervous systems of juvenile and maturating SHR and WKY rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and symptoms in offspring: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Relationship between sex hormones, reproductive stages and ADHD: a systematic review.Archives of women's mental health · 2022Pooled it
- Dopamine-Derived Oxidative Stress in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Narrative Review of Molecular Mechanisms, Neural Circuitry, and Therapeutic Implications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine formulas in ADHD: a review of preclinical evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Route selection impairment and microglia activation in a rodent model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Early-Life Ceftriaxone-Induced Gut Microbiota Perturbation Persistently Exacerbates Juvenile ADHD-Like Behaviours via Immune Dysfunction in SHR/WKY Rats.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- Age-Onset-Related Particularities of Pediatric MS-Understanding the Spectrum: A Tertiary Center Experience.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Behavioural disorders and sleep problems in Sanfilippo syndrome: overlaps with some other conditions and importance indications.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Review
- Attention-related impairment and contributing neuroinflammatory signalling in the prefrontal cortex of perinatal nicotine-exposed mice.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in spontaneously hypertensive rat strain SHR/NCrl is associated with specific expression of uncoupling proteins, glucose transporter 1 and BACE1.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Novel hematologic ratios and systemic inflammation index in ADHD: effects of methylphenidate treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Alterations in Striatal Architecture and Biochemical Markers' Levels During Postnatal Development in the Rat Model of an Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with inflammatory diseases. Results from the nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS).Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2024Article
- Article
- Differences in the Interleukin Profiles in Inattentive ADHD Prepubertal Children Are Probably Related to Conduct Disorder Comorbidity.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- [Recent research on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Review
- Memory deficits and hippocampal cytokine expression in a rat model of ADHD.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Parvalbumin interneuron deficiency in the prefrontal and motor cortices of spontaneously hypertensive rats: an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder animal model insight.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Age-related changes in the architecture and biochemical markers levels in motor-related cortical areas of SHR rats-an ADHD animal model.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Mapping the neuroanatomical abnormalities in a phenotype of male compulsive rats.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioural disorders with morphological and functional brain abnormalities. However, there is a growing body of evidence that abnormalities in the immune and endocrine systems may also account for the ADHD pathogenesis.
objectivesTo test ADHD pathogenesis in neurological, immune and endocrine systems, this study examined the concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, oxidative stress markers, metabolic parameters, steroid hormones and steroidogenic enzymes in the serum and/or tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, animal model of ADHD) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs, control animals). Moreover, the volume of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as well as the density of dopamine 2 (D
methodsPeripheral blood, spleen and adrenal gland samples, as well as brain sections collected on day 35 (juvenile) and day 70 (maturating) from SHRs and WKYs, were processed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
resultsThe results show significant increases of serum and/or tissue concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and oxidative stress markers in juvenile SHRs when compared to the age-matched WKYs. These increases were accompanied by a lowered volume of the mPFC and up-regulation of D
conclusionsSignificant elevations of serum and/or tissue contents of cytokines, chemokines and oxidative stress markers as well as volumetric and neurochemical alterations in the mPFC of juvenile SHRs may suggest the cooperation of neurological and immune systems in the ADHD pathogenesis. Elevated levels of steroid hormones in maturating SHRs may be a compensatory effect involved in reducing inflammation and ADHD symptoms.
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Registered trials
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