ArticlePediatric research2019
Prolonged duration of early antibiotic therapy in extremely premature infants.
Article in Pediatric research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between early postnatal antibiotic exposure and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Antibiotic strategies for neonatal sepsis: navigating efficacy and emerging resistance patterns.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Routine Early Antibiotic Use in SymptOmatic Preterm Neonates: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Antibiotics and the developing intestinal microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory environment in a randomized trial of preterm infants.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- The Goldilocks zone of optimal antimicrobial stewardship in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Rapid Detection of Inter-alpha Inhibitor Proteins in Neonatal Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Twins and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Genetic Relevance.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Review
- Early antibiotic exposure and necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm infants < 34 weeks' gestation.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Early antibiotic exposure and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates: insights from a large multicenter cohort in China.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- The double-edged sword of early antibiotic exposure in extremely preterm infants: implications for necrotizing enterocolitis and growth faltering.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- The association of early antibiotic exposure with subsequent development of late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis studies.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Aligning prediction models with clinical information needs: infant sepsis case study.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Absence of association between early antibiotic exposure and short-term adverse outcomes in very preterm infants: a single-center retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Correct Management to Reduce Sepsis in NICU Settings.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Application of Advanced Molecular Methods to Study Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Heart rate and oxygen saturation patterns in very low birth weight infants with early onset sepsis and histologic chorioamnionitis.Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical Dilemma Involving Treatments for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants and the Potential Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Early antibiotic exposure in very-low birth weight infants and infection risk at 3-7 days after birth.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Cardiorespiratory signature of neonatal sepsis: development and validation of prediction models in 3 NICUs.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- The Nonbacterial Microbiome: Fungal and Viral Contributions to the Preterm Infant Gut in Health and Disease.Microorganisms · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProlonged early antibiotics in extremely premature infants may have negative effects. We aimed to assess prevalence and outcomes of provision of prolonged early antibiotics to extremely premature infants in the absence of culture-confirmed infection or NEC.
methodsCohort study of infants from 13 centers born without a major birth defect from 2008-2014 who were 401-1000 grams birth weight, 22-28 weeks gestation, and survived ≥5 days without culture-confirmed infection, NEC, or spontaneous intestinal perforation. We determined the proportion of infants who received prolonged early antibiotics, defined as ≥5 days of antibiotic therapy started at ≤72 h of age, by center and over time. Associations between prolonged early antibiotics and adverse outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.
resultsA total of 5730 infants were included. The proportion of infants receiving prolonged early antibiotics varied from 30-69% among centers and declined from 49% in 2008 to 35% in 2014. Prolonged early antibiotics was not significantly associated with death (adjusted odds ratio 1.17 [95% CI: 0.99-1.40], p = 0.07) and was not associated with NEC.
conclusionsThe proportion of extremely premature infants receiving prolonged early antibiotics decreased, but significant center variation persists. Prolonged early antibiotics were not significantly associated with increased odds of death or NEC.
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