Trial reportNeurology2019
Blood neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of MS disease activity and treatment response.
Trial report in Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 329 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of a Planned 12-week Dosing Interruption of Natalizumab on Immune Cell Trafficking, Pharmacokinetic (PK)/Pharmacodynamic (PD) Parameters, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Disease Stability.
MATRIx: MesenchymAl Stromal Cells for Traumatic bRain Injury
Who cites it
329 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Serum neurofilament light chain and multiple sclerosis prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The role of serum neurofilament light (sNfL) as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis: insights from a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Utilization of fluid-based biomarkers as endpoints in disease-modifying clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Disease activity in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a surrogate outcome measure for GM2 gangliosidoses.Journal of neurology · 2026Trial
- Reliability of serum neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein for detecting disease activity upon discontinuation of first-line disease-modifying therapy in stable multiple sclerosis (DOT-MS).Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Long-Term Treatment With Ocrelizumab in Patients With Early-Stage Relapsing MS: Nine-Year Data From the OPERA Studies Open-Label Extension.Neurology · 2025Trial
- Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients with MS: Results from the ESTEEM Phase 4 and PROCLAIM Phase 3 Studies with a Focus on Older Patients.Advances in therapy · 2025Trial
- Plasma neurofilament light chain in children with relapsing MS receiving teriflunomide or placebo: A post hoc analysis of the randomized TERIKIDS trial.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Trial
- From Marginal to Central: Marginal Zone-like B Cells as Critical Targets in Cladribine-Treated Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the neurofilament light chain-derived gap between biological and chronological age in multiple sclerosis and controls.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Biological and Clinical Significance, Multi-Omics Integration, and AI-Driven Biomarker Modeling for Precision Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dynamics of Myelin-Specific T-Cell Repertoires Mirror Disease Activity and Central Nervous System Trafficking in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Use of blood-based neurofilament light chain as an endpoint in clinical trials of neurodegenerative conditions: a scoping review.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Beyond Relapses: A Multimodal Biomarker Framework for Progression Independent of Relapse Activity and Smouldering Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Rethinking prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a multiaxial perspective.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein as biomarkers of peripheral nervous system involvement in multiple sclerosis: diagnostic and prognostic evaluation.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- A framework for blood biomarker discovery in MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Review
- Challenges and Innovation for Diagnosing and Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
269 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the value of blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker of recent, ongoing, and future disease activity and tissue damage and its utility to monitor treatment response in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
methodsWe measured NfL in blood samples from 589 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (from phase 3 studies of fingolimod vs placebo, FREEDOMS and interferon [IFN]-β-1a, TRANSFORMS) and 35 healthy controls and compared NfL levels with clinical and MRI-related outcomes.
resultsAt baseline, NfL levels (pg/mL) were higher in patients than in healthy controls (30.5 and 27.0 vs 16.9,
conclusionsBlood NfL levels are associated with clinical and MRI-related measures of disease activity and neuroaxonal damage and have prognostic value. Our results support the utility of blood NfL as an easily accessible biomarker of disease evolution and treatment response.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.