Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30737119›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2019

Early versus late MCI: Improved MCI staging using a neuropsychological approach.

Emily C Edmonds, Carrie R McDonald, Anisa Marshall, Kelsey R Thomas, Joel Eppig, Alexandra J Weigand, Lisa Delano-Wood, Douglas R Galasko, David P Salmon, Mark W Bondi and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Encoding Discordance in the Alzheimer's Disease A/T/N Framework.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Neurometabolic and vascular dysfunction as an early diagnostic for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  9. Combining plasma p-tauAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
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  19. Parallel patterns of cognitive aging in marmosets and macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Emily C EdmondsVeterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: ecedmonds@ucsd.edu.
Carrie R McDonaldDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Anisa MarshallDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kelsey R ThomasVeterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Joel EppigSan Diego State University/University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.
Alexandra J WeigandSan Diego State University/University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.
Lisa Delano-WoodVeterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Douglas R GalaskoVeterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
David P SalmonDepartment of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Mark W BondiVeterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0M
VIRUS-INDUCED BRAIN PATHOLOGYP50AG005131 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BREWER, JAMES B · 1985 to 2018
$55.4M
UCSD Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center P30P30AG062429 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DOUGLAS R GALASKO · 2019 to 2026
$34.9M
Re-visiting Methods for MCI Diagnosis to Improve Biomarker and Trial FindingsR01AG049810 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BONDI, MARK W, EDLAND, STEVEN DYAL · 2016 to 2020
$3.7M
Neuroimaging and Risk Factor Correlates in Aging and MCIK24AG026431 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BONDI, MARK W · 2007 to 2016
$1.7M
Cognitive and Biomarker Profiles of Accurate and Inaccurate MCI DiagnosisIK2CX001415 · VA · VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI EDMONDS, EMILY CHARLOTTE · 2017 to 2021
–
CIHRCSRD VA IK2 CX001415NIA NIH HHS K24 AG026431NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062429NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005131NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049810NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) separates "early" and "late" mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on a single memory test. We compared ADNI's MCI classifications to our neuropsychological approach, which more broadly assesses cognitive abilities.

methodsThree hundred thirty-six ADNI-2 participants were classified as "early" or "late" MCI. Cluster analysis was performed on neuropsychological test data, and participants were reclassified based on cluster results. These two staging approaches were compared on progression rates, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and cortical thickness profiles.

resultsThere was little correspondence between the two staging methods. ADNI's early MCI group included a large proportion of false-positive diagnostic errors. The reclassified neuropsychological MCI groups showed steeper survival curves and more abnormal biomarkers.

conclusionsOur novel neuropsychological approach improved the staging of MCI by (1) capturing individuals at an early symptomatic stage, (2) minimizing false-positive cases, and (3) identifying a late MCI group further along the disease trajectory.

Indexed as

BiomarkersAgedCluster AnalysisCognitive DysfunctionDiagnostic ErrorsDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleNeuroimagingNeuropsychological TestsBiomarkersAlzheimer's diseaseCluster analysisDementiaEarly-stage MCIFalse positiveLate-stage MCIMild cognitive impairmentMisdiagnosisNeuropsychology

Identifiers

PMID30737119
PMCPMC6511470

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.