SynthesisReproductive health2019
Determinants and causes of maternal mortality in Iran based on ICD-MM: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Reproductive health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of maternal mortality causes based on ICD-MM: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of individual and ecological determinants of maternal mortality in the world based on the income level of countries.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Labetalol, Nifedipine, and Methyldopa for the Management of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in Iran: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Toward maternal health equity in Iran: nationwide analysis of spatial and resource distribution in primary healthcare.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Iran's progress in reducing maternal mortality: an analysis of policies and interventions using the who's six building blocks and universal health coverage approach.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Article
- Analyzing human factors affecting severe maternal morbidity (SMM) using fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN).Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Designing a Software for Registry of Pregnant Women with Heart Disease in Iran and Preliminary Results.Journal of medical signals and sensors · 2025Article
- Investigating the causes of maternal mortality in Razavi Khorasan based on forensic medical records during the years 2015 to 2022.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Article
- Developing a comprehensive abortion prevention program for couples based on I-change model: study protocol for a mixed method research.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Determinants of Neonatal, Infant and Child Mortalities in Iran: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- A scoping review of the social determinants of maternal health in the MENA region.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Place of death and associated factors among reviewed maternal deaths in Ethiopia: a generalised structural equation modelling.BMJ open · 2023Review
- Comparison of the clinical efficacy of surgical versus medical method for first trimester pregnancy termination in Iran: A quasi-experimental research.Journal of education and health promotion · 2023Article
- Article
- Geospatial analysis of cesarean section in Iran (2016-2020): exploring clustered patterns and measuring spatial interactions of available health services.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- The gap in life expectancy and lifespan inequality between Iran and neighbour countries: the contributions of avoidable causes of death.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Addressing the need for an appropriate skilled delivery care workforce in Burundi to support Maternal and Newborn Health Service Delivery Redesign (MNH-Redesign): a sequential study protocol.Wellcome open research · 2022Article
- Childbirth violence-based negative health consequences: a qualitative study in Iranian women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNo systematic review has explored the causes of and factors associated with maternal mortality in the context of Iran. This study reviewed determinants and causes of maternal mortalities during pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium using the International Classification of Diseases-Maternal Mortality (ICD-MM), introduced by the World Health Organization.
methodsA systematic electronic search of all the studies that identified causes and/or determinants of maternal deaths in any part of Iran or in the whole country were included, without any restriction of time or language of studies. To identify the studies to include in this study, a combination of hand searching and bibliographies was also conducted. These sources and citations yielded a total of 653 articles; nevertheless, only 29 articles met the inclusion criteria, hence, required data were extracted, summarized, and grouped together from these papers and are reported in the tables.
resultsAmongst the 29 studies published between 2003 and 2017 in Iran, 24 studies were cross-sectional. Overall, 4633 deaths were reviewed, and 2655 (58%) of the cases included the data on the causes of death generally. According to the ICD-MM, a total of 69.9, 20.6, and 5.2% of the mortalities were due to direct, indirect and unspecified causes respectively and 4.3% of the causes were not clear in several studies. The leading direct and indirect causes of death were identified as hemorrhage (30.7%) and hypertensive disorders (17.1%) and circulatory system diseases (8.1%) respectively. Several factors including gravidity, type of delivery, socio-economic status of mothers, locations of birth, death and maternity care venues were found in the original studies as the most important determinant of maternal mortalities in Iran.
conclusionsThis study, provided an updated summary of evidences on the causes and determinants of maternal death in Iran, which is critically important for the development of interventions and reduction of the burden of maternal mortality and morbidities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.