Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30735815›Full record

ArticleJournal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer2019

Surgical Resection of SCLC: Prognostic Factors and the Tumor Microenvironment.

Xiaoliang Zhao, Bhaskar Kallakury, Joeffrey J Chahine, Dan Hartmann, YuWen Zhang, Yulong Chen, Hua Zhang, Bin Zhang, Changli Wang, Giuseppe Giaccone

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Small-cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-upAnnals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2021
    Guideline
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Failure patterns and the influence of the TNM staging systems on prognosis in limited disease small cell lung Cancer (SCLC): the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) study.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
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  12. The next generation of immunotherapies for lung cancers.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Xiaoliang ZhaoDepartment of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin, China; Georgetown University, Washington DC.
Bhaskar KallakuryGeorgetown University, Washington DC.
Joeffrey J ChahineGeorgetown University, Washington DC.
Dan HartmannGeorgetown University, Washington DC.
YuWen ZhangGeorgetown University, Washington DC.
Yulong ChenDepartment of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin, China.
Hua ZhangDepartment of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin, China.
Bin ZhangDepartment of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin, China.
Changli WangDepartment of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin, China.
Giuseppe GiacconeGeorgetown University, Washington DC. Electronic address: gg496@georgetown.edu.
Georgetown University · USTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital · CN

Funding

Tissue Culture Shared ResourceP30CA051008 · NCI · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI Louis M Weiner · 1990 to 2026
$71.5M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA051008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSurgery in SCLC is limited to very early stages, but several reports suggest a potential broader role. Little is known of the influence of microenvironment on the biology of SCLC.

methodsWe assessed the clinical prognostic factors in a large series of resected SCLC patients. The prognostic value of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the percentage of CD3-, CD20-, CD45- and CD68-positive cells, were also investigated.

resultsTwo hundred five SCLC cases were resected between 2005 and 2015 and the median follow-up was 29 months (range: 2 to 135 months). Median survival of all patients was 69 months, and 5-year survival rates were 63.8%, 65.5%, 34.9%, and 0% for pathologic stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. By multivariate analysis complete resection, cigarette index, lymph node metastatic rate, percentage of CD3-positive cells, PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, and TILs were independent prognostic factors. High PD-L1 expression was present in 3.2% and 33.5% of all tumor samples in tumor cells and TILs, respectively. High PD-L1 expression in tumor cells or TILs correlated with shorter survival, whereas high expression of CD3, CD20, and CD45 correlated with better survival.

conclusionsResected stage II SCLC patients have similar survival as stage I, suggesting that surgery could be extended to patients with hilar lymph node involvement. Survival was better in tumors with a higher percentage of T cells and B cells, whereas PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and TILs correlated with worse survival, which suggests a potential role of immunotherapy in resected SCLC.

Indexed as

FemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesSmall Cell Lung CarcinomaSurvival RateTumor MicroenvironmentPrognosisProgrammed death ligand 1Ratio of metastatic lymph nodesSCLCSurgery

Identifiers

PMID30735815
PMCPMC6510981
OpenAlexW2914357944

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.