ArticleScientific reports2019
Three ancient documents solve the jigsaw of the parchment purple spot deterioration and validate the microbial succession model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Filamentous Fungi and the Biodeterioration of Organic Cultural Heritage Materials: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms, Risks, and Preventive Conservation Strategies.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Metagenomic and microbiological analyses of historical manuscripts for bacterial community profiling and bacteria-related biodeterioration assessment.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- Minimally Invasive Vacuum-Aided Extraction Technique for the Lipid Analysis of Historic Parchment.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Microbial Assessment in A Rare Norwegian Book Collection: A One Health Approach to Cultural Heritage.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Fungal biodeterioration and preservation of cultural heritage, artwork, and historical artifacts: extremophily and adaptation.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Fungal and bacterial species richness in biodeteriorated seventeenth century Venetian manuscripts.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- New Biocide Based on Tributyltin(IV) Ferulate-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes for Preserving Historical Paper Artworks.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Microbes on the "peachy spots" of ancient Kaihua paper: microbial community and functional analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Factors Influencing the Fungal Diversity on Audio-Visual Materials.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Recent developments in using the molecular decay dating method: a review.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Transcriptional response of Bacillus megaterium FDU301 to PEG200-mediated arid stress.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Decoding the biological information contained in two ancient Slavonic parchment codices: an added historical value.Environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- The Integration of Metagenomics and Chemical Physical Techniques Biodecoded the Buried Traces of the Biodeteriogens of Parchment Purple Spots.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Application of a Medical Diode Laser (810 nm) for Disinfecting Small Microbiologically Contaminated Spots on Degraded Collagenous Materials for Improved Biosafety in Objects of Exceptional Historical Value From the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and Protection of Human Health.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- The Stain of the Original Salt:Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
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6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The preservation of cultural heritage is one of the major challenges of today's society. Parchments, a semi-solid matrix of collagen produced from animal skin, are a significant part of the cultural heritage, being used as writing material since ancient times. Due to their animal origin, parchments easily undergo biodeterioration: the most common biological damage is characterized by isolated or coalescent purple spots, that often lead to the detachment of the superficial layer and the consequent loss of written content. Although many parchments with purple spot biodegradative features were studied, no common causative agent had been identified so far. In a previous study a successional model has been proposed, basing on the multidisciplinary analysis of damaged versus undamaged samples from a moderately damaged document. Although no specific sequences were observed, the results pointed to Halobacterium salinarum as the starting actor of the succession. In this study, to further investigate this topic, three dramatically damaged parchments were analysed; belonging to a collection archived as Faldone Patrizi A 19, and dated back XVI-XVII century A.D. With the same multidisciplinary approach, the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS, Illumina platform) revealed DNA sequences belonging to Halobacterium salinarum; the RAMAN spectroscopy identified the pigment within the purple spots as haloarchaeal bacterioruberin and bacteriorhodopsine, and the LTA technique quantified the extremely damaged collagen structures through the entire parchments, due to the biological attack to the parchment frame structures. These results allowed to propose a model of the progressive degradation pattern of the parchment collagen. Overall, these data validate a multi-phase microbial succession model. This demonstration is pivotal to possible new restoration strategies, important for a huge number of ancient documents.
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