ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2019
An ingestible self-orienting system for oral delivery of macromolecules.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 416 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Landscape of Products for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Scientific and Patent Systematic Review.Recent patents on biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Re-engineering insulin for oral delivery: structural modifications, advanced formulation strategies, and future directions.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Oesophageal tissue screening system for assessing the retention and mucosal absorption of biologics.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Supramolecular strategy in traditional Chinese medicine processing: Mechanistic insights mediated by self-assembly.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- A self-triggering and fully sustainable gastric device enabling long-acting oral delivery of macromolecules.Science advances · 2026Article
- Cyclic Peptides in Modern Drug Discovery: Trends and Therapeutic Directions.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Article
- A self-unfolding polymer foil loaded with a permeation enhancer Ionogel for superior oral peptide delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Toward autonomous robotic-assisted and microrobotic surgery.Science advances · 2026Review
- Bionic microneedles: Design inspired by bionics and its applications in medicine.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Oral capsule administration of biomacromolecules that achieves bioavailability and pharmacokinetics comparable to subcutaneous injection in dogs - the BIONDDDrug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Tableting of nanoparticle-based formulations for oral delivery: Enhancing biopharmaceutical performance.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-sensitive microrobotic sensor with robust anchoring for long-term digestive lesion assessment.National science review · 2026Article
- Transforming healthcare through in-body bioelectronic systems.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Strategies for overcoming multiple barriers of oral administration of protein and peptide therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Microrobotic copper-rich electrochemical interfacing for targeted cancer theranostics in the gut.Science advances · 2026Article
- Dynamic and living devices for overcoming fibrosis of implanted biomaterials.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Enable active mobility of untethered miniature robots in high-resistance multiphase medium.Science advances · 2026Article
- Physical Intelligence in Small-Scale Robots and Machines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Biomacromolecules have transformed our capacity to effectively treat diseases; however, their rapid degradation and poor absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract generally limit their administration to parenteral routes. An oral biologic delivery system must aid in both localization and permeation to achieve systemic drug uptake. Inspired by the leopard tortoise's ability to passively reorient, we developed an ingestible self-orienting millimeter-scale applicator (SOMA) that autonomously positions itself to engage with GI tissue. It then deploys milliposts fabricated from active pharmaceutical ingredients directly through the gastric mucosa while avoiding perforation. We conducted in vivo studies in rats and swine that support the applicator's safety and, using insulin as a model drug, demonstrated that the SOMA delivers active pharmaceutical ingredient plasma levels comparable to those achieved with subcutaneous millipost administration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.