ArticlePublic health nutrition2020
Smoking during pregnancy reduces vitamin D levels in a Finnish birth register cohort.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2024Article
- Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Arterial Stiffness in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Implications for Fetal Development.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Combination effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and nutrients supplement during pregnancy on obesity in Chinese preschool children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Vitamin D Status in Women with a History of Infertility and Decreased Fecundability: A Population-Based Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Commonalities in Metabolic Reprogramming between Tobacco Use and Oral Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Comparison of Vitamin D Levels and Related Factors in Pregnant Women and Neonates Exposed to Second-Hand Smoke.Cureus · 2022Article
- Smoking Exposure Is Associated with Serum Vitamin D Deficiency in Children: Evidence from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Maternal tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased DNA methylation at human metastable epialleles in infant cord blood.Environmental epigenetics · 2022Article
- Maternal Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2021Article
- Smoking behavior and circulating vitamin D levels in adults: A meta-analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2021Review
- Maternal Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMaternal vitamin D level in pregnancy may have implications for both the mother and fetus. Deficiency of vitamin D has been linked to several pregnancy complications and fetal skeletal health. Smoking has been associated with reduced serum level of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D).
designA nested case-control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort, a population-based cohort which includes first-trimester sera from 98 % of pregnancies in Finland since 1987. The selection consisted of women with uncomplicated pregnancies. We studied serum concentration of 25(OH)D in 313 non-smoking and forty-six self-reported smoking pregnant women.
settingWe hypothesize that pregnant smokers may have an increased risk of low 25(OH)D levels especially during winter months.
participantsA control group from an unpublished pregnancy complication study consisting of 359 uncomplicated pregnancies. Individuals who reported that they do not smoke were considered 'non-smokers' (n 313) and those who reported continued smoking after the first trimester of pregnancy were considered 'smokers' (n 46).
resultsSmokers had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D irrespective of sampling time (P<0·0001). Furthermore, during the low sun-exposure season, only 14 % of smokers met the guideline level of 40 nmol/l for serum 25(OH)D in comparison with 31 % of non-smokers.
conclusionsExpectant mothers who smoke have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency during low sun-exposure months in northern regions. Further studies are needed to assess the associated risks for maternal and fetal health as well as possible long-term implications for the infant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.