Observational studyMedicine2019
Prevalence of bullying and perceived happiness in adolescents with learning disability, intellectual disability, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder: In the Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot Study.
Observational study in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autism, bullying, and mental health: a comprehensive systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Victimisation in Autistic Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Pooled it
- Association of Allelic Variants of the Reelin Gene with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Candidate Gene Association Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Bullying Involvement and Subtypes of Disabilities: Who is Likely to be Affected by What?Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a review of current methods and issues.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Dissociative Trait as a Mediator of Problematic Internet Use in Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disabilities.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2023Article
- Virtual care during the pandemic: Multi-family group sessions for Hong Kong Chinese families of adolescents with intellectual disabilities.Journal of intellectual disabilities : JOID · 2023Article
- Proxy-report in individuals with intellectual disability: A scoping review.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2022Article
- Measuring Happiness in Adolescent Samples: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Self-Absorptive Trait of Dissociative Experience and Problematic Internet Use: A National Birth Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A Conceptual Analysis of Autistic Masking: Understanding the Narrative of Stigma and the Illusion of Choice.Autism in adulthood · 2021Article
- Article
- Relationships between internet use, deliberate self-harm, and happiness in adolescents: A Taiwan birth cohort pilot study.PloS one · 2020Article
- The Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in Taiwanese Adolescents: Taiwan Birth Cohort Study.Community mental health journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Children with learning disability (LD), intellectual disability (ID), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) reported higher risk of being bullied compared to their peers. Controlling for the co-morbidity of different diagnosis is important in investigating the frequency of bullying. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the pathway relationship of adolescents' psychiatric diagnoses, including LD, ID, ADHD, ASD, with being bullied, their self-perceived psychological well-being (PWB) and social adaptation status (SAS) in 12-years-olds.The Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot Study dataset (N = 1561) was used. The Chinese Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used to measure PWB and SAS.Adolescent-reported rate of bullying was 25.4%, while only 2.8% of the parents reported knowing their child had been bullied. Boys reported higher rate of being bullied than girls. Adolescents with ADHD were not at higher risk of being bullied compared to their peers, nevertheless, they perceived lower level of SAS. Adolescents diagnosed with ID and ASD reported 63% rate of bullying and those who have been bullied perceived lower level of happiness.Adolescents with ADHD reported lower level of SAS, for disruption of harmony is even less acceptable in the Asian culture. Adolescents with ID and ASD reported higher rate of bullying than their peers and perceived lower level of happiness. A gap was found between parent and adolescent-reported rate of bullying. Encouraging adolescents to seek adult protection and support to reduce the effect of bullying on the perceived level of happiness is important.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.