ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology2019
Coffee, tea, caffeine, and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a Chinese population: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal smoking, consumption of alcohol, and caffeinated beverages during pregnancy and the risk of childhood brain tumors: a meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetable juices and cancer risk: a World Cancer Research Fund International Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Photoprotection for Skin Cancer: What's New.Cancers · 2026Review
- Regulatory Effects of Coffee/Chlorogenic Acid and Tea/Epigallocatechin-3-Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Coffee consumption, cancer, and healthy aging: epidemiological evidence and underlying mechanisms.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Human Tyrosinase Displayed on the Surface of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells for Ligand Fishing of Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Medicinal Plants.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Caffeine: A Multifunctional Efficacious Molecule with Diverse Health Implications and Emerging Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Biological potential and mechanisms of Tea's bioactive compounds: An Updated review.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Prevalence of dermatoses in geriatric singaporeans in the community - a cross-sectional study.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- The Influence of the Exposome in the Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, a Multicenter Case-Control Study.Cancers · 2023Article
- An In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Antitumor Activity of Extracts Derived from Three Well-Known Plant Species.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antitumor Effects of Freeze-Dried Robusta Coffee (Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Article
- Anti-Cancer Effects of Green Tea Epigallocatchin-3-Gallate and Coffee Chlorogenic Acid.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Deciphering UV-induced DNA Damage Responses to Prevent and Treat Skin Cancer.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2020Review
- Caffeine enhances the anti-tumor effect of 5-fluorouracil via increasing the production of reactive oxygen species in hepatocellular carcinoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2019Article
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4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough epidemiologic studies in populations of European descent suggest a possible chemoprotective effect of caffeine against nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), data in Asian populations are lacking.
objectivesWe examined the relationship of coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption with NMSC risk among Chinese in Singapore.
methodsWe used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,257 men and women who were 45 to 74 years old at recruitment from 1993 to 1998. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.
resultsCoffee drinking was associated with reduced NMSC risk in a dose-dependent manner (P trend < .0001). Compared with those who drank coffee less than weekly, those who drank 3 or more cups per day had a lower risk of basal cell carcinoma (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.93) and a lower risk of squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13-0.84). Compared with nondrinkers of black tea, daily drinkers of black tea also had a reduced risk of NMSC (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.94). Caffeine intake reduced NMSC risk in a stepwise manner (P trend = .0025); subjects with a caffeine intake of 400 mg/d or more had the lowest risk (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34-1.04).
conclusionConsumption of caffeinated drinks such as coffee and black tea may reduce the risk of NMSC among Chinese.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.