ArticlePLoS biology2019
Fish, mirrors, and a gradualist perspective on self-awareness.
Article in PLoS biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Simian Selves: From the Mirror Test to Habeas Corpus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The modal-modular model of animal self-representation: a comparative and operational framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Article
- Rapid self-recognition ability in the cleaner fish.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- On the mirror test and the evolutionary origin of self-awareness in vertebrates.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Conscious birds.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Body Size Awareness and Modular Self-Representation in Reedfish (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Comparing the Performances of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Two Self-Awareness Tasks.American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Wild recognition: conducting the mark test for mirror self-recognition on wild baboons.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Wistar Male Rats (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Animal emotions and consciousness: a preliminary assessment of researchers' perceptions and biases and prospects for future progress.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Domestic chickens solving mirror-mediated spatial location tasks uncovering their cognitive abilities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mirror self-recognition in ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata).Animal cognition · 2023Article
- Legal Personhood for Animals: Has Science Made Its Case?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Ferrets (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Mirror stimulation in Eurasian jays (PeerJ · 2023Article
- Roosters do not warn the bird in the mirror: The cognitive ecology of mirror self-recognition.PloS one · 2023Article
- A comparative study of mirror self-recognition in three corvid species.Animal cognition · 2023Article
- Through the looking glass: how do marked dolphins use mirrors and what does it mean?Animal cognition · 2022Article
- Mirror self-recognition in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla): a review and evaluation of mark test replications and variants.Animal cognition · 2022Review
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Abstract
The mirror mark test has encouraged a binary view of self-awareness according to which a few species possess this capacity whereas others do not. Given how evolution works, however, we need a more gradualist model of the various ways in which animals construe a self and respond to mirrors. The recent study on cleaner wrasses (Labroides dimidiatus) by Kohda and colleagues highlights this need by presenting results that, due to ambiguous behavior and the use of physically irritating marks, fall short of mirror self-recognition. The study suggests an intermediate level of mirror understanding, closer to that of monkeys than hominids.
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