ArticleNeuropsychology2019
Effects of APOE on cognitive aging in community-dwelling older adults.
Article in Neuropsychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Beneficial Effect of Societal Factors on APOE-ε2 and ε4 Carriers' Brain Health: A Systematic Review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The influence of a 16-week exercise program, APOE status, and age on executive function task performance: A randomized trial.Experimental gerontology · 2021Trial
- Remote Identification of APOE-ε4 Carrier Status in Cognitively Normal Adults via Speech Acoustics: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Observational
- Nutritional Status and Cognition in Older Adults: Modification by Apolipoprotein E ε4.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Independent, but not synergistic, associations ofJournal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Cholesterol at the Center of Alzheimer's Disease: A Unifying Hypothesis on the Pathogenic Mechanism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Alcohol use andAlzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2026Article
- Correlations between white matter hyperintensities, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and cognition in the oldest old: a multimodal cross-sectional study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- White Matter Microstructural Alterations Mediate the Association between Polygenic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Performance in Clinically Asymptomatic Adults.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2026Article
- The apolipoprotein gene: a modulating role on brain volume and cognitive function in carriers of the fragile X premutation.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- Sex andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Executive function and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR): a longitudinal study of midlife adults.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- The influence of socioeconomic factors and apolipoprotein ε genotype on cognitive outcomes in a multi-ethnic sample living with HCV and HIV.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025Article
- APOE genotype and cognitive decline: educational context as a moderator of genetic risk.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Modifiable Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Differ by Sex and APOE4.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Low premorbid IQ may exacerbate the cognitive effects of apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4): a multi-ethnic cross-sectional study from HABS-HD.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The Effects of APOE Alleles, Cognitive Activities, and Social Activities on Cognitive Decline in African Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and longitudinal cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Linking alcohol use to Alzheimer's disease: Interactions with aging and APOE along immune pathways.Medical research archives · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is an established risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, with elevated risk for ε4-carriers and reduced risk for ε2-carriers. However, it is unclear whether APOE modifies risk for cognitive decline in normal aging. The objective of this study was to determine whether ε2 and ε4 are associated with rates of normal cognitive aging, and whether associations of ε4 with cognitive decline are modified by sex, education or health behaviors (exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking).
methodA community-based sample of 1,393 older adults were genotyped for APOE and underwent cognitive assessment up to seven times over a maximum of period of 27 years.
resultsε2-carriers showed slower executive function decline with age relative to ε3 homozygotes or ε4-carriers, whereas ε4-carriers demonstrated more rapid executive function and verbal fluency decline. Accelerated executive function decline was particularly pronounced in ε4-carriers with lower education. After excluding individuals with cognitive impairment, faster executive function decline was still apparent in ε4-carriers, and the effect of ε4 on episodic memory interacted with alcohol consumption, such that only ε4-carriers who did not drink showed more rapid memory decline than ε4 noncarriers. The influence of ε4 on cognitive aging did not differ by sex, nor was it modified by smoking or exercise.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that the ε2 and ε4 alleles have differential effects on cognitive aging, and that negative effects of ε4 may be partly mitigated by behavioral choices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.