ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2019
Risk factors for acquisition of meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Biannual Azithromycin to Children under 5 Years on the Carriage of Respiratory Pathogens among Children Aged 7-11 Years.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Trial
- Meningococcal carriage among high school and university students in Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden and epidemiological trends of meningitis from 1990 to 2021.Infection · 2025Article
- Performance Comparison of Two In-House PCR Methods for DetectingDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Risk factors associated with meningitis outbreak in the Upper West Region of Ghana: A matched case-control study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Evaluation of pharyngeal carriage ofNew microbes and new infections · 2022Article
- The Host-Pathogen Interactions and Epicellular Lifestyle ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Carriage ofInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Risk factors for carriage of meningococcus in third-level students in Ireland: an unsupervised machine learning approach.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Toward Establishing Integrated, Comprehensive, and Sustainable Meningitis Surveillance in Africa to Better Inform Vaccination Strategies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The Burden of Invasive Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Adults in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Review
- Knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding prevention of bacterial meningitis in Burkina Faso, 5 years after MenAfriVac mass campaigns.PloS one · 2021Article
- Meningococcal carriage 7 years after introduction of a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in Burkina Faso: results from four cross-sectional carriage surveys.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Carriage of Neisseria Meningitidis in Low and Middle Income Countries of the Americas and Asia: A Review of the Literature.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2020Review
- Meningococcal strain evolution, dusty dry air and respiratory tract infections: An explosive relationship.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- Narrative review of methods and findings of recent studies on the carriage of meningococci and other Neisseria species in the African Meningitis Belt.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate potential risk factors for acquisition in seven countries of the meningitis belt.
methodsHouseholds were followed up every 2 weeks for 2 months, then monthly for a further 4 months. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from all available household members at each visit and questionnaires completed. Risks of acquisition over the whole study period and for each visit were analysed by a series of logistic regressions.
resultsOver the course of the study, acquisition was higher in: (i) 5-to 14-year olds, as compared with those 30 years or older (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4-9.9); (ii) smokers (OR 3.6, 95% CI 0.98-13); and (iii) those exposed to wood smoke at home (OR 2.6 95% CI 1.3-5.6). The risk of acquisition from one visit to the next was higher in those reporting a sore throat during the dry season (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.0-6.7) and lower in those reporting antibiotic use (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03-0.56).
conclusionsAcquisition of meningococcal carriage peaked in school age children. Recent symptoms of sore throat during the dry season, but not during the rainy season, were associated with a higher risk of acquisition. Upper respiratory tract infections may be an important driver of epidemics in the meningitis belt.
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