SynthesisJAMA neurology2019
Association of Apolipoprotein E With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Risk by Race/Ethnicity: A Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in JAMA neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- APOE genotype and the effect of statins on lipid outcomes: A meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- The APOE paradox: divergent genetic influences on hemorrhagic stroke risk-A meta-analysis.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Genome-Wide Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Stroke · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiology of intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genetic risk of Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Systematic review and future directions.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Independent effects of white matter lesion volume and APOE ɛ4 on ARIA-H in A4 Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Apolipoprotein E (Genes · 2026Article
- Genetics of intracerebral hemorrhage.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Association ofStroke and vascular neurology · 2025Article
- ApoE2 affects insulin signaling in the hippocampus and spatial cognition of aged mice in a sex-dependent manner.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage and finger-like projection predict recurrence in patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a narrative review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Apolipoprotein E genotype is associated with island sign in lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- APOE epsilon variants and composite risk of dementia, disability, and death in the health and retirement study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Management of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and atrial fibrillation: We are still far from precision medicine.World journal of cardiology · 2024Review
- Lewy body pathology modifies risk factors for cerebral amyloid angiopathy when comorbid with Alzheimer's disease pathology.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- APOE ε4 and Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients With Brain Arteriovenous Malformation.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Three major effects of APOEFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
53 authors at 20 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Genetic studies of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have focused mainly on white participants, but genetic risk may vary or could be concealed by differing nongenetic coexposures in nonwhite populations. Transethnic analysis of risk may clarify the role of genetics in ICH risk across populations. Objective: To evaluate associations between established differences in ICH risk by race/ethnicity and the variability in the risks of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 alleles, the most potent genetic risk factor for ICH. Design, Setting, and Participants: This case-control study of primary ICH meta-analyzed the association of APOE allele status on ICH risk, applying a 2-stage clustering approach based on race/ethnicity and stratified by a contributing study. A propensity score analysis was used to model the association of APOE with the burden of hypertension across race/ethnic groups. Primary ICH cases and controls were collected from 3 hospital- and population-based studies in the United States and 8 in European sites in the International Stroke Genetic Consortium. Participants were enrolled from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2017. Participants with secondary causes of ICH were excluded from enrollment. Controls were regionally matched within each participating study. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinical variables were systematically obtained from structured interviews within each site. APOE genotype was centrally determined for all studies. Results: In total, 13 124 participants (7153 [54.5%] male with a median [interquartile range] age of 66 [56-76] years) were included. In white participants, APOE ε2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.24-1.80; P < .001) and APOE ε4 (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.23-1.85; P < .001) were associated with lobar ICH risk; however, within self-identified Hispanic and black participants, no associations were found. After propensity score matching for hypertension burden, APOE ε4 was associated with lobar ICH risk among Hispanic (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28; P = .01) but not in black (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.07; P = .25) participants. APOE ε2 and ε4 did not show an association with nonlobar ICH risk in any race/ethnicity. Conclusions and Relevance: APOE ε4 and ε2 alleles appear to affect lobar ICH risk variably by race/ethnicity, associations that are confirmed in white individuals but can be shown in Hispanic individuals only when the excess burden of hypertension is propensity score-matched; further studies are needed to explore the interactions between APOE alleles and environmental exposures that vary by race/ethnicity in representative populations at risk for ICH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.