ArticleNano letters2019
Biomimetic Micromotor Enables Active Delivery of Antigens for Oral Vaccination.
Article in Nano letters, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modular Vaccine Robots for Spatiotemporal Programming of the CD4Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Microencapsulation and characterization of controlled-release intestinal drugs: a critical review.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Review
- Microfluidic Fabrication of Functional Micro-/Nanoparticles: From Structural Regulation to Scalable Integration.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Leveraging polysaccharide-derived nanocarriers to open new horizons in oral vaccine activation.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Gold-Nickel Micromotors for Sensitive Detection of Ferric Ions.Journal of fluorescence · 2025Article
- Immunostimulatory Pickering emulsion for oral vaccine delivery.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Polymersome-based nanomotors: preparation, motion control, and biomedical applications.Chemical science · 2025Review
- Determination of insulin with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry enhanced by Mg-based micromotors.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Review
- Advancements in Micro/Nanorobots in Medicine: Design, Actuation, and Transformative Application.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Membrane-Coated Micro/Nanomotors in Biological Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Towards multifunctional robotic pills.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Metal-Organic Framework-Based Micro-/Nanomotors for Wastewater Remediation.Small science · 2024Article
- Oral administration microrobots for drug delivery.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Biorobotic Drug Delivery for Biomedical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Survey of Recent Developments in Magnetic Microrobots for Micro-/Nano-Manipulation.Micromachines · 2024Review
- Engineered Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Swarming magnetic nanorobots bio-interfaced by heparinoid-polymer brushes for in vivo safe synergistic thrombolysis.Science advances · 2023Article
- Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications.Nano-micro letters · 2023Review
- Gastrointestinal Delivery of an mRNA Vaccine Using Immunostimulatory Polymeric Nanoparticles.The AAPS journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccination represents one of the most effective means of preventing infectious disease. In order to maximize the utility of vaccines, highly potent formulations that are easy to administer and promote high patient compliance are desired. In the present work, a biomimetic self-propelling micromotor formulation is developed for use as an oral antivirulence vaccine. The propulsion is provided by a magnesium-based core, and a biomimetic cell membrane coating is used to detain and neutralize a toxic antigenic payload. The resulting motor toxoids leverage their propulsion properties in order to more effectively elicit mucosal immune responses. After demonstrating the successful fabrication of the motor toxoids, their uptake properties are shown in vitro. When delivered to mice via an oral route, it is then confirmed that the propulsion greatly improves retention and uptake of the antigenic material in the small intestine in vivo. Ultimately, this translates into markedly elevated generation of antibody titers against a model toxin. This work provides a proof-of-concept highlighting the benefits of active oral delivery for vaccine development, opening the door for a new set of applications, in which biomimetic motor technology can provide significant benefits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.