ArticleSSM - population health2019
Smoking-attributable mortality by cause of death in the United States: An indirect approach.
Article in SSM - population health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pulmonary and Cardiac Smoking-Related History Improves Abstinence Rates in an Urban, Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Patient Population.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Trial
- Predictors of smoking reduction among African American and Latinx smokers in a randomized controlled trial of JUUL e-cigarettes.Addictive behaviors · 2021Trial
- Personalized Feedback for Smoking and Anxiety Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Substance use & misuse · 2021Trial
- Ischemic heart disease mortality with documented tobacco use in the United States, 1999-2023: a nationwide population-based analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Temporal associations between smoking prevalence and smoking-related mortality: a US state-level ecological study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Financial Strain and Smoking Cessation and Relapse Among U.S. Adults Who Smoke: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Time-varying associations of patient and tumor characteristics with cancer survival: an analysis of SEER data across 14 cancer sites, 2004-2017.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Impact of Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on All-Cause, Respiratory, and Cardio-Cerebrovascular Mortality.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Heterogeneous deposition of regular and mentholated little cigar smoke in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2023Article
- Evolutionary modeling suggests that addictions may be driven by competition-induced microbiome dysbiosis.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Smoking Disparities by Level of Educational Attainment and Birth Cohort in the U.S.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Risky health behaviours and chronic conditions among aged persons: analysis of SAGE selected countries.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Neural-hematopoietic-inflammatory axis in nonsmokers, electronic cigarette users, and tobacco smokers.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Quantifying the contribution of smoking to regional mortality disparities in Germany: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Tobacco Screening Practices and Perceived Barriers to Offering Tobacco Cessation Services among Texas Health Care Centers Providing Behavioral Health Treatment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Smoking-Induced Lung Cancer: An In Silico Study.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Cause-specific mortality in Korea during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.Epidemiology and health · 2022Article
- Associations between COVID-19 risk perceptions and smoking and quitting behavior among U.S. adults.Addictive behaviors reports · 2021Article
- Inactivation of posterior but not anterior dorsomedial caudate-putamen impedes learning with self-administered nicotine stimulus in male rats.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Operationalizing the Population Health Framework: Clinical Characteristics, Social Context, and the Built Environment.Population health management · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
More than 50 years after the U.S. Surgeon General's first report on cigarette smoking and mortality, smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. The first report established a causal association between smoking and lung cancer, and subsequent reports expanded the list of smoking-attributable causes of death to include other cancers, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and respiratory diseases. For a second level of causes of death, the current evidence is suggestive but not sufficient to infer a causal relationship with smoking. This study draws on 1980-2004 U.S. vital statistics data and applies a cause-specific version of the Preston-Glei-Wilmoth indirect method, which uses the association between lung cancer death rates and death rates for other causes of death to estimate the fraction and number of deaths attributable to smoking overall and by cause. Nearly all of the established and additional causes of death are positively associated with lung cancer mortality, suggesting that the additional causes are in fact attributable to smoking. I find 420,284 annual smoking-attributable deaths at ages 50+ for years 2000-2004, 14% of which are due to the additional causes. Results corroborate recent estimates of cause-specific smoking-attributable mortality using prospective cohort data that directly measure smoking status. The U.S. Surgeon General should reevaluate the evidence for the additional causes and consider reclassifying them as causally attributable to smoking.
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