ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Cytokines and Soluble Receptors in Breast Milk as Enhancers of Oral Tolerance Development.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05119166 (International Milk Composition), which is not on this map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Micronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Human Milk Bioactive Components and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Microchimerism: The Hidden Cellular Dialogue Between Mother and Fetal That Shapes Lifelong Immunity.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Salivary transcriptomic study to understand the molecular effects of feeding dysregulation in opioid-exposed neonates born late preterm.Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal-fetal dialogue and immunological programming: from fetal development to long-term health outcomes.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Maternal Diet Quality and BMI as Predictors of Human Milk C-Reactive Protein Concentrations.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Human milk extracellular vesicles modulate inflammation and cell survival in intestinal and immune cells.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in milk of women receiving anti-TNF antibody.Pediatric research · 2025Observational
- The primiparous IgA and IL-5 colostrum concentration based on maternal factor: corroborate the inflammation pathways to IgA colostrum synthesis.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Immune response in breastmilk of Black women to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination against COVID-19.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Breast milk-saliva interactions in shaping early mucosal immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Farm exposure is associated with human breast milk immune profile and microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Human breastmilk memory T cells throughout lactation manifest activated tissue-oriented profile with prominent regulation.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Bioactive Components of Human Milk and Their Impact on Child's Health and Development, Literature Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Effects of pasteurization on osteopontin concentrations in human breastmilk.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Development of systemic and mucosal immune responses against gut microbiota in early life and implications for the onset of allergies.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Review
- Influence of Early Life Factors, including breast milk Composition, on the Microbiome of Infants Born to Mothers with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2023Article
- Human milk immune factors, maternal nutritional status, and infant sex: The INSPIRE study.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2023Article
- The contributions of parental lactation on offspring development: It's not udder nonsense!Hormones and behavior · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The postpartum period is an important window during which environmental factors can shape the life-long health of the infant. This time period often coincides with substantial milk consumption either in the form of breast milk or from cow's milk sources, such as infant formulas. Although breast milk is the most beneficial source of nutrients for infants during the first 6 months after birth, its role in regulating food allergy development, through regulation of oral tolerance, is still controversial. Breast milk contains several factors that can impact mucosal immune function, including immune cells, antibodies, microbiota, oligosaccharides, cytokines, and soluble receptors. However, there is considerable variation in the assessed levels of cytokines and soluble receptors between studies and across the lactation period. Most of these cytokines and soluble receptors are absent, or only found in limited quantities, in commercial baby formulas. Differences in content of these pluripotent factors, which impact on both the mother and the neonate, could contribute to the controversy surrounding the role of breast milk regulating oral tolerance. This review highlights current knowledge about the importance of cytokines and soluble receptors in breast milk on the development of oral tolerance and tolerance-relateddisorders. Understanding the mechanisms by which such milk components might promote oral tolerance could aid in the development of improved strategies for allergy prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.