ArticlePharmacoEconomics - open2019
Evolution of Average European Medicine Prices: Implications for the Methodology of External Price Referencing.
Article in PharmacoEconomics - open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The Price of Speed: Estimating the Impact of List Prices on Time to Availability of New Medicines in 18 European Countries.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- Structural drivers of drug shortages and market withdrawal: a longitudinal analysis of the Romanian pharmaceutical market.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Beyond Reimbursement Status: Availability of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products Across the European Union.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2025Article
- Negotiating Medicare Drug Prices: A New Attempt to Control Purchase Prices.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2025Article
- Pricing, Procurement and Reimbursement Policies for Incentivizing Market Entry of Novel Antibiotics and Diagnostics: Learnings from 10 Countries Globally.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Review
- Market Transparency in Medicine Pricing: Pathways to Fair Pricing.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Article
- Examining confidential wholesale margin estimates in European countries for the price negotiation of patented drugs in Germany: a statistical model.Health economics review · 2024Article
- Why falsified medicines reach patients: an analysis of political and economic factors in Romania.BMJ global health · 2023Review
- Cell and gene therapy regulatory, pricing, and reimbursement framework: With a focus on South Korea and the EU.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Do efficiency gains really translate into more budget for health? An assessment framework and country applications.Health policy and planning · 2021Review
- A systematic review of pharmaceutical price mark-up practice and its implementation.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2021Review
- International Price Comparisons of Anticancer Drugs: A Scheme for Improving Patient Accessibility.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- How to address medicines shortages: Findings from a cross-sectional study of 24 countries.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
- Impact of changes in the methodology of external price referencing on medicine prices: discrete-event simulation.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are indications of staggered market entry of medicines in the national markets, with medicines being marketed first in countries with high prices. This study aimed to analyse the availability and evolution of medicine prices in the European Union (EU).
methodsThis research was performed for an illustrative sample of five medicines (abiraterone, emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil, fingolimod, linagliptin and sofosbuvir) in 27 EU Member States. Price data at 6, 12, 18, 36 and 60 months after marketing authorisation were retrieved from national administrative price databases and registers accessible through the Pharma Price Information service.
resultsIn the first year after marketing authorisation, price data for the selected medicines were only available in a small number of EU Member States-usually high-income countries. Availability increased over time. However, some countries, for instance Central and Eastern Europe, had price data available only several years after marketing authorisation. The average European price of the surveyed medicines decreased by at least 7.1% between 6 months and 3 years and at least 9.5% between 6 months and 5 years after marketing authorisation. Price data availability in lower-income countries at later stages, and price decreases in some countries, appear to be major reasons for the reductions in average prices.
conclusionsIf policymakers aim to apply the pricing policy of external price referencing (i.e. price setting based on prices in other countries) for cost-containment purposes, they are recommended to undertake continuous price revisions over the years.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.