ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2019
Premenopausal cardiovascular disease and age at natural menopause: a pooled analysis of over 170,000 women.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the relationship between menopausal timing and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization analyses.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Lipid Profile in Patients With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Neuro-glial mechanisms underlying sex-based resilience to cardiorespiratory dysfunction in heart failure.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Article
- Effects of Menstrual Cycle on Exercise Treadmill Parameters and Cardiac Troponin Release in Premenstrual Women.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women with Menopause.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The menopausal transition period and cardiovascular risk.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2024Article
- Menopause Predisposes Women to Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific dementia: a prospective analysis of the UK Biobank cohort.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- The aging ovary impairs acute stroke outcomes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Associations between Body Mass Index and Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Women's Reproductive Milestones and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Review of Reports and Opportunities From the CARDIA Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Review
- Evidence for Menopause as a Sex-Specific Risk Factor for Glaucoma.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes and multiple gestation with natural menopause: A population-based cohort study.Maturitas · 2023Article
- Review of mendelian randomization studies on age at natural menopause.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Effect of ovariohysterectomy on queen myocardial function: echocardiographic evidence.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2023Article
- Lipidome- and Genome-Wide Study to Understand Sex Differences in Circulatory Lipids.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Genetically Determined Reproductive Aging and Coronary Heart Disease: A Bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian Randomization.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Early menopause is associated with an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies have investigated the converse. We examined whether premenopausal CVD events are associated with early age at menopause. We pooled the individual data of 177,131 women from nine studies. We used multinomial logistic regression models to estimate multivariable relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between age at onset of premenopausal CVD events-including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke-and age at natural menopause. Altogether 1561 (0.9%) premenopausal participants reported CVD events (including 1130 CHD and 469 stroke) at a mean age of 41.3 years. Compared with women without any premenopausal CVD events, women who experienced a first CVD event before age 35 years had a twofold risk of menopause before age 45 years (early menopause); adjusted RRR (95% CI) of 1.92 (1.17, 3.14) for any CVD, 1.86 (1.01, 3.43) for CHD and 2.17 (1.43, 3.30) for stroke. Women who experienced a first premenopausal CVD event after age 40 years underwent a natural menopause at the expected age (around 51 years). These associations were robust to adjustment for smoking status, BMI, educational level, race/ethnicity, age at menarche, parity, hypertension and family history of CVD. For premenopausal women, a first CVD event before age 35 years is associated with a doubling of the risk of an early menopause, while a first CVD event occurred after 35 years indicates a normal menopause at around 51 years. Shared genetic and environmental factors (such as smoking), as well as compromised vasculature following CVD events, may contribute to this outcome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.