ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2019
Extended Mortality Follow-up of a Cohort of Dry Cleaners.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carcinogen metabolism and bladder cancer: role of gut microbiota in disease and prevention.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Occupational hazards and bladder cancer-An umbrella review of the risk in workers exposed over the past 30 years.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Occupational exposures and cancer risk in commercial laundry and dry cleaning industries: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Review
- Invited Perspective: How Far Have We Come? Revisiting a 2009 Report on Occupational Cancer Research Recommendations.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Enhancing Human Biomonitoring Studies through Linkage to Administrative Registers-Status in Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Synthetic Chemicals and Cardiometabolic Health Across the Life Course Among Vulnerable Populations: a Review of the Literature from 2018 to 2019.Current environmental health reports · 2020Review
- Development of Lichen Planopilaris-Like Alopecia following Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene.Skin appendage disorders · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDry cleaning workers are commonly exposed to tetrachloroethylene, a suspected bladder carcinogen, and other organic solvents. The health risks associated with solvent exposures in this industry are unclear.
methodsWe extended mortality follow-up of 5,369 dry cleaning union members in St. Louis to further investigate solvent-related risks. We added 22 years of follow-up, from 1993 through 2014, via linkage to the National Death Index. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we computed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating cause-specific mortality with levels of a solvent exposure index previously developed by an industrial hygienist based on workers' job titles from union records. The models were fit adjusting for age, sex, and decade of union enrollment, and assuming different exposure lags.
resultsIn internal analyses of estimated solvent exposure with a 20-year lag, we observed exposure-response relationships for bladder cancer (HR medium exposure = 4.2; 95% CI = 0.7, 24.5 and HR high exposure = 9.2; 95% CI = 1.1, 76.7 vs. no exposure; Ptrend = 0.08) and kidney cancer (HR = 4.1; 95% CI = 0.7, 22.5 and 24.4; 2.9, 201.6; Ptrend = 0.004). High exposure was also associated with heart disease (HR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.2) and lymphatic/hematopoietic malignancies (HR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.4, 13.6).
conclusionsThese findings are, to the best of our knowledge, the first cohort evidence relating solvent exposure levels among dry cleaners to elevated risks of selected cancers and heart disease. Additional studies employing solvent-specific exposure assessment are needed to clarify cancer risks associated with tetrachloroethylene.
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