ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2019
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Opioid Overdoses: Exploring Sources of Heterogeneity.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Advances in prescription drug monitoring program research: a literature synthesis (June 2018 to December 2019).Current opinion in psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Prescription Opioid-Related Outcomes in the United States.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- The effectiveness of prescription drug monitoring programs at reducing opioid-related harms and consequences: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2019Pooled it
- A Rapid Review of the Impact of Systems-Level Policies and Interventions on Population-Level Outcomes Related to the Opioid Epidemic, United States and Canada, 2014-2018.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- A systematic review of macro-, meso, and micro-level harm reduction interventions addressing the U.S. opioid overdose epidemic.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Changes in Opioid and Benzodiazepine Poisoning Deaths After Cannabis Legalization in the US: A County-level Analysis, 2002-2020.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- The Future of the United States Overdose Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
- Opioid death projections with AI-based forecasts using social media language.NPJ digital medicine · 2023Article
- A Bayesian Spatio-temporal Model to Optimize Allocation of Buprenorphine in North Carolina.Statistics and public policy (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- When Effects Cannot be Estimated: Redefining Estimands to Understand the Effects of Naloxone Access Laws.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
- Methodological Challenges and Proposed Solutions for Evaluating Opioid Policy Effectiveness.Health services & outcomes research methodology · 2021Article
- NAloxone CARdiac Arrest Decision Instruments (NACARDI) for targeted antidotal therapy in occult opioid overdose precipitated cardiac arrest.Resuscitation · 2021Article
- Difference-in-Difference in the Time of Cholera: a Gentle Introduction for Epidemiologists.Current epidemiology reports · 2020Article
- Listed for sale: Analyzing data on fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and other novel synthetic opioids on one cryptomarket.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- The Opioid/Overdose Crisis as a Dialectics of Pain, Despair, and One-Sided Struggle.Frontiers in public health · 2020Review
- Article
- The Impact of a PDMP-EHR Data Integration Combined With Clinical Decision Support on Opioid and Benzodiazepine Prescribing Across Clinicians in a Metropolitan Area.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrescription drug monitoring program are designed to reduce harms from prescription opioids; however, little is known about what populations benefit the most from these programs. We investigated how the relation between implementation of online prescription drug monitoring programs and rates of hospitalizations related to prescription opioids and heroin overdose changed over time, and varied across county levels of poverty and unemployment, and levels of medical access to opioids.
methodsEcologic county-level, spatiotemporal study, including 990 counties within 16 states, in 2001-2014. We modeled overdose counts using Bayesian hierarchical Poisson models. We defined medical access to opioids as the county-level rate of hospital discharges for noncancer pain conditions.
resultsIn 2010-2014, online prescription drug monitoring programs were associated with lower rates of prescription opioid-related hospitalizations (rate ratio 2014 = 0.74; 95% credible interval = 0.69, 0.80). The association between online prescription drug monitoring programs and heroin-related hospitalization was also negative but tended to increase in later years. Counties with lower rates of noncancer pain conditions experienced a lower decrease in prescription opioid overdose and a faster increase in heroin overdoses. No differences were observed across different county levels of poverty and unemployment.
conclusionsAreas with lower levels of noncancer pain conditions experienced the smallest decrease in prescription opioid overdose and the faster increase in heroin overdose following implementation of online prescription drug monitoring programs. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that prescription drug monitoring programs are most effective in areas where people are likely to access opioids through medical providers.
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