ArticleNutrients2019
Plant-Based Diet, Cholesterol, and Risk of Gallstone Disease: A Prospective Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03470584 (Vegetarian Diet and Chronic Degenerative Diseases in the Tzu Chi Health Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vegetarian Diet and Chronic Degenerative Diseases in the Tzu Chi Health Study (TCHS) and the Tzu Chi Vegetarian Study (TCVS)
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood lipid metabolism and the risk of gallstone disease: a multi-center study and meta-analysis.Lipids in health and disease · 2022Pooled it
- The association between dietary protein and gallstones in adults under 60 years old: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Multi-center Study of the Association Between Serum Lipid Levels and Recurrent Common Bile Duct Stone After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography with Propensity Score Matching Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Veillonella, Neisseria, Prevotella, and Lachnoanaerobaculum enrichment in salivary microbiome predicts gallstone disease.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- The association of dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) with risk of gallstone disease: a case control study.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- A lower LDL-c/ApoB ratio is associated with an increased prevalence of gallstones in the regional Chinese adult population, according to a retrospective, propensity-matched analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- The Association Between Plant-Based Diet and Gallstone Disease: A Case-Control Study.Middle East journal of digestive diseases · 2025Article
- Association of dietary quality indicators with gallstones in the US: NHANES 2017-2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Association Between Dietary Protein Intake and Gallstone Disease: A Case-Control Study.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2025Article
- Evolution of surgical treatment for hepatolithiasis.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2024Review
- Association between triglyceride-glucose index and gallstones: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association of education with cholelithiasis and mediating effects of cardiometabolic factors: A Mendelian randomization study.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Associations between Life's Essential 8 and gallstones among US adults: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017-2018.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between plant-based dietary index and gallstone disease: A cross sectional study from NHANES.PloS one · 2024Article
- Dietary patterns, genetic predisposition, and risk of cholelithiasis: a large-scale prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Non-linear relationship between the first meal time of the day and gallstone incidence in American adults: a population-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Distinct lipid profile in haemolytic anaemia-related gallstones compared with the general gallstone.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- The Impact of Metabolic Factors and Lipid-Lowering Drugs on Common Bile Duct Stone Recurrence after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy with Following Cholecystectomy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Gallbladder disease is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease among Uyghurs in Xinjiang: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vegetarian diets may lower symptomatic gallstone disease via cholesterol lowering. This study aimed to examine the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease (GSD) in Taiwanese vegetarians vs. nonvegetarians in a prospective cohort and to explore if this association is related to cholesterol concentration. We prospectively followed 4839 participants, and in the 29,295 person-years of follow-up, 104 new incident GSD cases were confirmed. Diet was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Symptomatic GSD was ascertained through linkage to the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Blood cholesterol profiles were measured at recruitment. Cox regression was applied to assess the effect of diet on symptomatic GSD, adjusting for age, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activities, diabetes, kidney diseases, body mass index, lipid-lowering medication, and hypercholesterolemia. Vegetarian diet was associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic GSD compared with nonvegetarian diet in women (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28⁻0.96) but not in men. In women, nonvegetarians with hypercholesterolemia had 3.8 times the risk of GSD compared with vegetarians with normal cholesterol (HR, 3.81, 95% CI, 1.61⁻9.01). A vegetarian diet may therefore protect against GSD independent of baseline hypercholesterolemia. A nonvegetarian diet and hypercholesterolemia may have an additive effect in increasing GSD risk in women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.