ArticleCell proliferation2019
δ-Tocotrienol induces apoptosis, involving endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, and paraptosis in prostate cancer cells.
Article in Cell proliferation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Tramadol induced hypoxia signaling and paraptosis-like cell death in breast cancer cells via HIF-1α and ATF4 dependent pathways.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- Review
- Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Paraptosis: A New Frontier in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Paraptosis Turning Cellular Stress into Therapeutic Weapon for Urological Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Significance of Vitamins A and E in Cancer Progression and Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Antioxidant Food Supplementation in Cancer: Lessons from Clinical Trials and Insights from Preclinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Programmed Cell Death in Cancer.MedComm · 2025Review
- In vitro analysis of the molecular mechanisms of ursolic acid against ovarian cancer.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Molecular Insights in the Anticancer Activity of Natural Tocotrienols: Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Redox Homeostasis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Apolipoprotein E promotes primary resistance to AR-targeted therapy via inducing TRIM25-mediated AR ubiquitination and sensitizes immunotherapy in prostate cancer.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Exploring the dual role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in urological cancers: Implications for tumor progression and cell death interactions.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2024Review
- The Role of Vitamin E Isoforms and Metabolites in Cancer Prevention: Mechanistic Insights into Sphingolipid Metabolism Modulation.Nutrients · 2024Review
- YAP1 inhibits RSL3-induced castration-resistant prostate cancer cell ferroptosis by driving glutamine uptake and metabolism to GSH.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Article
- Anticancer Activity of Delta-Tocotrienol in Human Hepatocarcinoma: Involvement of Autophagy Induction.Cancers · 2024Article
- CAPN2 promotes apalutamide resistance in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer by activating protective autophagy.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Anticancer Potential of Indole Phytoalexins and Their Analogues.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Paraptotic Cell Death as an Unprecedented Mode of Action Observed for New Bipyridine-Silver(I) Compounds Bearing Phosphane Coligands.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Targeting paraptosis in cancer: opportunities and challenges.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Review
- Paraptosis: a non-classical paradigm of cell death for cancer therapy.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesProstate cancer, after the phase of androgen dependence, may progress to the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage, with resistance to standard therapies. Vitamin E-derived tocotrienols (TTs) possess a significant antitumour activity. Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer properties of δ-TT in CRPC cells (PC3 and DU145) and the related mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND
methodsMTT, Trypan blue and colony formation assays were used to assess cell viability/cell death/cytotoxicity. Western blot, immunofluorescence and MTT analyses were utilized to investigate apoptosis, ER stress and autophagy. Morphological changes were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy.
resultsWe demonstrated that δ-TT exerts a cytotoxic/proapoptotic activity in CRPC cells. We found that in PC3 cells: (a) δ-TT triggers both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy pathways; (b) autophagy induction is related to the ER stress, and this ER stress/autophagy axis is involved in the antitumour activity of δ-TT; in autophagy-defective DU145 cells, only the ER stress pathway is involved in the proapoptotic effects of δ-TT; (c) in both CRPC cell lines, δ-TT also induces an intense vacuolation prevented by the ER stress inhibitor salubrinal and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, together with increased levels of phosphorylated JNK and p38, supporting the induction of paraptosis by δ-TT.
conclusionsThese data demonstrate that apoptosis, involving ER stress and autophagy (in autophagy positive PC3 cells), and paraptosis are involved in the anti-cancer activity of δ-TT in CRPC cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.