ArticleAnnals of neurology2019
A surface-in gradient of thalamic damage evolves in pediatric multiple sclerosis.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Choroid plexus volume in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of an emerging imaging biomarker.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Choroid plexus volume changes in multiple sclerosis: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies.Neuroradiology · 2024Pooled it
- Dynamics of pseudo-atrophy in RRMS reveals predominant gray matter compartmentalization.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2021Trial
- Periventricular gradient pathology is linked to ependymal reactivity and cell adhesion disruption in multiple sclerosis.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: 25 years of progress, remaining challenges and future directions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid-driven ependymal motile cilia defects are implicated in multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Correlates of long-term clinical outcomes in pediatric multiple sclerosis: A 12-year study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- ODC1 restricts meningeal B cell age-associated-like phenotype and function in multiple sclerosis: A human and experimental study.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Investigating the association between grey matter hypoperfusion and atrophy in multiple sclerosis using arterial spin labelling.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Subcortical microglial inflammation is uniquely linked to subpial cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Applying the Supporting Features for MOGAD Diagnosis to Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Smouldering disease in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.EBioMedicine · 2025Review
- Intrathecal Inflammatory Profile and Gray Matter Damage Predict Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Early Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Distinguishing Transient From Persistent Brain Structural Changes in Pediatric Patients With Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Choroid Plexus Volume in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Advanced Quantitative MRI Unveils Microstructural Thalamic Changes Reflecting Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Increased periventricular thalamic damage gradient in multiple sclerosis detected by quantitative gradient echo MRI.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2024Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid-In Gradient of Cortical and Deep Gray Matter Damage in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Enlargement of the choroid plexus in pediatric multiple sclerosis.Neuroradiology · 2024Article
- Understanding the Pathophysiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.Korean journal of radiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCentral nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis includes both focal inflammatory perivascular injury and injury to superficial structures, including the subpial region of the cortex, which reportedly exhibits a gradient of damage from the surface inward. We assessed how early in the multiple sclerosis course a "surface-in" process of injury suggesting progressive biology may begin.
methodsWe focused on the thalamus, which notably has both a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface and a white matter interface. Thalamic volume trajectories were assessed in a prospectively followed cohort of children from initial presentation with either multiple sclerosis or monophasic acquired demyelination, and healthy controls. Voxelwise volume changes were calculated using deformation-based morphometry, and analyzed in relation to distance from the CSF interface by mixed effects modeling and semiparametric smoothing methods.
resultsTwenty-seven children with multiple sclerosis and 73 children with monophasic demyelination were prospectively followed with yearly brain scans (mean follow-up = 4.6 years, standard deviation = 1.9). A total of 282 healthy children with serial scans were included as controls. Relative to healthy controls, children with multiple sclerosis and children with monophasic demyelination demonstrated volume loss in thalamic regions adjacent to the white matter. However, only children with multiple sclerosis exhibited an additional surface-in gradient of thalamic injury on the ventricular side, which was already notable in the first year of clinical disease (asymptote estimate = 3.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44-4.58, p = 0.0002) and worsened over time (asymptote:time estimate = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.12-0.54, p = 0.0021).
interpretationOur results suggest that a multiple sclerosis disease-specific surface-in process of damage can manifest at the earliest stages of the disease. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:340-351.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.